An Essay on the Characteristics and Development of Ancient City-States Essay

A city-state is defined as an independent or autonomous entity whose territory consists of a city which is non administered as divide of a topical anaesthetic government. Through reading the articles of Larson, Westenholz, and Neihmer it be complys appargonnt that city-states differ depending on the region and time they are in, and the purpose they serve. The three specific examples that come to mind are the Phoenicians, Assyrians, and the Sumerians. All three of these had unique characteristics that define from each bingle society however, all three societies displayed enough similarities to make them defin satisfactory as quaint city-states.One of the defining characteristics of a city-state is the fact that it is a sovereign and self-sufficient entity. Ancient city-states provided the first clear enjoin for social social stratification and most city-states contained a ruling family or dynasty, which controlled the city-state and its surrounding hinterlands by managing th e land, water, and other natural resources. Each city state also contained a council of elders which helped the ruling family serve as a controlling body of local policy.However in Assyrian city-states there also pull throughed a year-eponymy, which was a someone who was elected for a single year to serve as the lintel of the city hall. He acted as the head of the city and carried out the decision maker orders form the higher officials suchas the king and the elders. In Sumerian city states, kings were referred to as ensi or lugal which were names that were meant to display to citizens his power and importance, and made his rule indisputable within society.Kings were re reposed upon to build not only monumental structures and temples for their respective deities, that also to maintain a functional infrastructure. In Phoenician city states, The king was landlord of pretentious places and sacrificial buildings. This display exists in numerous city- states and not only in Phoeni cian culture. The king demonstrated his power with buildings such as tombs and temples, simply however, he was also the leading date in charge of maintenance of public places, and in most cities, the vindicatory wall.There is sufficient evidence of city-walls consistently across all ancient city-states, but the reason these walls existed remains unclear. There is no archaeological evidence of warfare, or conflict between city- states. One of the most logical reasons for these walls to exist was to serve a symbolic purpose because the interior area would be posses a more clear political identity. The Assyrians, in dealing with enemies, took a unique and strict political regime that limited trade and traffic with other city-states, and as evidenced by the archaeological record, in a letter.Their particular rule stated that if any merchant traded with a Akkadian Amorite or a Subariean, then the merchant would be put to death. Laws such as this one established a clear political sta nce that some cities held on many issues concerning interactions with outsiders. Though The city ruler acted as the city gods human deputy and managed the assets of the city as a whole. there is also sufficient evidence for long- distance trade. City- states developed in Phoenician, Assyrian, and Sumerian society as important trade resources and had a portentous impact on culture.Prominent city-states were key to cultural development because they were able to support local artisans and were key centers of trade, which enabled different cultures to influence one another. Sumerian city-states were located in key trade locations because their own agricultural opportunities were scarce, and they firmly relied on the trade of barley, beer and textiles to other places in order to obtain feed resources form elsewhere in order to support their population. In Assyrian society, the thriftiness was controlled by ruling families and therefore, trade was regulated depending on the ruling cla ss.These city-states productivity was dependent upon the weather for that year, so trade would fluctuate depending on the mastery of the season. For Phoenician city- states, there is sufficient archaeological evidence for long- distance trade, shown in the influence and presence of foreign art and style. Furthermore, archeological evidence is supplied in the discovery of cylinder seals, which were used to ensure the authenticity of the item organism traded or shipped, and ensure its condition, if the seal remained unbroken.Key developments in ancient city- states are displayed in the changes of city plans and architecture, as well as further developments in trade. In some cases, cities were set up in tribute to a specific deity. These cities were mainly located on a hill, with a temple on the highest point, with the rest of the city built rough the center temple. These temples not only served as places of religious worship and practice, but also served as cultural and economic ce nters.A distinguishing characteristic of many ancient city- states is, dominant palaces, templesof sometimes monumental size and formlie next to tightly knit living quarters traversed by an casual network of streets, and in most cases these cities had irregular and unique city plans from one another. The proximity of the households to the temple showed the importance and the involvement of the temple in the everyday life of the citizens. Furthermore, the layout of the city also demonstrates social stratification.