Straight-Tusked Elephant - Facts and Figures

Name: Straight-Tusked Elephant; also known as Palaeoloxodon and Elephas antiquus Habitat: Plains of western Europe Historical Epoch: Middle-Late Pleistocene (1 million-50,000 years ago) Size and Weight: About 12 feet tall and 2-3 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; long, slightly curved tusks    About the Straight-Tusked Elephant Understanding the Straight-Tusked Elephant requires a quick primer in modern elephant classification. Living elephants are represented by two genera, Loxodonta and Elephas; the former comprises two species (Loxodonta africana and Loxodonta cyclotis) of African elephants, while the latter contains but a single species: Elephas maximus, the Asian elephant. Long story short, most paleontologists consider the Straight-Tusked Elephant to be an extinct species of Elephas, Elephas antiquus, though some assign it to its own genus, Palaeoloxodon antiquus. As if thats not confusing enough, this prehistoric relative of the Asian elephant was native to western Europe! Classification issues aside, the Straight-Tusked Elephant was one of the largest pachyderms of the Pleistocene epoch, standing 12 feet tall and weighing in the neighborhood of two to three tons. As you might expect given its name, this elephants most distinctive trait was its exceptionally long, slightly curving tusks, which it used along with its unusually long tongue and trunk to strip the leaves off trees. Judging by fossil remains, the Straight-Tusked Elephant roamed the European plains in smallish herds of a dozen or so individuals, and was eventually out-competed in its increasingly frigid ecosystem by the well-insulated Woolly Mammoth. (By the way, some experts believe it was the Straight-Tusked Elephant that spawned the Dwarf Elephants of the Mediterranean basin.)

Critical Reflection Of The Healthy People Healthy Places...

Critical Reflection 1 Introduction This paper is a critical reflection of the healthy people healthy places reading material and consists of three sections. It includes the definition of terms like health inequality and how does it relates to health equity. The first section states the importance of health inequalities and the necessity for a solution to decrease the health inequality gaps. Firstly, the term health inequality has a very broad definition and can be defined as the variations in health status or in the distribution of social determinants (Anonymous, 2012). Health inequality is also described as a condition which is avoidable, unnecessary, and unjust in a community (Braveman, 2014). According to Marmot (2008), health inequalities are caused due to the differences in living conditions, especially in five main domains i.e. birth, growth, living, working and age. Another term that was introduced was health equity, which is defined as a principle that is considered as a commitment to decrease disparity and in equality in the society (Braveman, 2014). Both the terms health inequality and equity are tied to each other. One of the significant similarity is that health inequalities serve as a metric (unit) to measure health equity (Braveman, 2014). For example, there should not have to be any differences between genders when accessing health care in a country without any cultural barriers and improper governance. 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Dioxins Essay Example For Students

Dioxins Essay DioxinasQue son Familia a la que pertenecen Estructura quimicaComo se DispersanComo se generanComo se midenQue efectos producenConclusiones. Soluciones o ideasIntroduccion:Este trabajo pertenece al proyecto grupo cuatro en ciencias del Bachillerato Internacional (IB), en el que la idea es analizar un tema mirado desde el punto de vista de una o mas ciencias al mismo tiempo. En el caso de este trabajo especificamente en el area de la fisica (sin dejar de dar resenas generales en quimica y biologia) el tema de las Dioxinas. Las dioxinas son compuestos quimicos de composicion aromatica policrorados extremadamente toxicos. Pertenecen a la familia de hidrocarburos y son producidas principalmente durante los procesos de combustion. Estan compuestas por la liberacion de cloro al quemarse, juntandose con moleculas de carbono e Hidrogeno (comunmente presentes en el aire). Por mucho tiempo se les uso como pesticida, pero ya dejaron de ser efectivas pues algunas clases de insectos, lograron transformarse para que las dioxinas no surgieran un efecto mortifero en ellos y por tanto dejaron de ser efectivas. Esto llevo a que por algun tiempo (y en la actualidad en pocos lugares en donde todavia se usa este tipo de pesticida), las dioxinas llegaron hasta nosotros no solo por el aire sino que directamente por los alimentos. Son lipofilicos, es decir solubles en las grasas y sus moleculas estan unidas por enlaces fuertes que les dan una vida media entre los 7 y los 30 anos, por esto se les llama moleculas persistentes. Existen una variedades de dioxinas, siendo las mas toxicas la 2,3,7,8 tetraclorodibenzodioxina (TCDD), la cual reune a los Dibenzofuranos policlorados, las dibenzodioxinas policloradas y los bifenilos policlorados, mas en general, hablando de dioxinas y furanos. Su estructura molecular es:Por todo esto, se puede decir que se les encuentra practicamente en todas parte, en el suelo, el aire, el agua o los alimentos diarios. Al tener una persistencia mayor al estar en contacto con agua o disueltas en grasa, siempre estaran en nuestra cadena alimenticia pues otra de sus caracteristicas es ser bioacumulativas. Como la composicion de cloro y carbono forman atomos llamados organoclorados, compuestos que no existen de forma natural y por eso los seres vivos no somos capaces de descomponerlos. Dentro e los principales danos que le hace al hombre es el de trabajar como disociador hormonal, atrofia la medula osea, desordenes nerviosos, disminuye la cantidad de espermatozoides, causa desfiguracion de la piel y hace propensa a la persona a desarrollar cancer. Desarrollo:Es comun que para reducir el volumen de basura que se tiene, se incineren los residuos y asi se ahorra espacio y dinero pues es mas barato quemarlo que dale un tratamiento masEs decir en rasgos generales, la emision de dioxinas es emitida en cualquier quema de material que contenga el elemento el cual combina sus moleculas con material organico generando estas poderosas toxinas. Por esto uno de los mayores generadores de dioxinas y furanos son las fabricas de plasticos tales como el PVC, la quema de basura (donde la gran mayoria de los materiales son plasticas) o el blanqueamiento del papel (que como es sabido, para dejarlo blanco, es necesario hacerle un tratamiento fuerte de cloro). Pero desde no hace mucho, se detecto que la emision de dioxinas tambien estaba presente en procesos con material organico en que halla combustion como es los incendios forestales o la actividad volcanica. Se supone que al ser incinerados a mas de 850C, se descomponen, pero al enfriarse los gases, vuelven a formarse. Pero en todo caso, la mayoria de los procesos de incineracion, se hacen a menos de estas temperaturas pues las instalaciones no cuentan con las caracteristicas para poder llevar a cabo este procedimiento o son inseguras. .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7 , .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7 .postImageUrl , .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7 , .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7:hover , .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7:visited , .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7:active { border:0!important; } .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7:active , .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7 .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9e8748fa49fe72dcd8dcbd5acff8fda7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gothic Cathedrals EssayAl salir los gases resultantes de una quema por la chimenea de una industria, las dioxinas que se generan, pueden salir pegadas a la ceniza o solas, llegando a juntarse a las nubes para posteriormente caer junto a las gotas de lluvia. De no se asi, las cenizas igual caeran al suelo y las particulas que queden solas, bajaran debido a su gran masa molecular. Al final del proceso, las dioxinas caen al suelo o al agua siendo absorbidas por las plantas (ya sea por las raices o por la lluvia que cae directamente en las hojas) y la que sea al agua puede ser tomada directamente como agua por otros seres o ingresar a los distintos tipos de seres marinos. Como las dioxinas son bioacumulables, se van acumulando al pasar de uno a otro paso de la cadena alimenticia. Como el hombre se alimenta de una diversidad de animales y plantas, es el que mas dioxinas recibe. De hecho, las primeras siete formas por las que el hombre recibe dioxinas es por carnes rojas, leche, aves, huevos, etc. Es decir que cerca del 99% de la dioxina ingerida proviene de la cadena alimenticia normal de la gente. Por su alta toxicidad, la dosis tolerable por el hombre diariamente tubo que ser disminuida siendo ahora solo de 1 a 4 picogramos / kilogramo (4*10-12). En todo caso se estima que en la mayoria de los casos, las dosis diarias a lo que se ven expuesta la gente, son superiores a lo normalUno de los problemas mas dificiles a los que se enfrentan los especialistas al investigar a estas particulas, es por un lado su baja concentracion y los altos costos de las investigaciones, los instrumentos y los analisis. El factor de su baja concentracion, dificulta la investigacion en el punto que para poder hacer un seguimiento fidedigno de las concentraciones que hay por ejemplo a la salida de una chimenea de una fabrica de PVC, es necesario tomar muestras tanto gaseosas como de particulas (tales como cenizas) que salgan por el tubo. Las muestras deben ser tomadas sistematicamente y de grandes volumenes de gases o de cenizas ya que su concentracion es baja. Estas muestras quedan en uno filtros los cuales son traspasados posteriormente ya sea por lavado o por condensacion a placas especiales en donde quedan las dioxinas mas concentradas y asi poder ponerlas en un cromatografo de gases con detector de captura de electrones. Estos resultados se pueden confirmar usado una espectrometria de masas. Pero debido a su alto costo solo los paises altamente industrializados tienen estos sistmas de medicion. De hecho en Chile, la imposibilidad de presupuesto para poder investigar hace que ni siquiera exista una estadistica de la cantidad de dioxinas que hay. Por esto que el trabajo medico solo se limita a la curacion y no a investigacion o prevencion. Conclusiones:Aunque las dioxinas no son un tema del que se sepa mucho o del cual se tiene todo investigado, lo que se ha investigado de ella, es que aunque no es tan peligrosa como se creia en un principio, no deja de ser inquietante pues perjudica bastante la salud de los seres vivos, los cuales absorben la toxina quieranlo o no. Es decir es independiente del tipo de alimentacion que se tenga, la dioxina esta presente en todas partes. Como la generacion de dioxina por medio natural (vale decir incendios forestales o actividad volcanica) es bastante baja, la unica solucion que se le ve al problema es el disminuir la generacion del toxica de forma artificial. Como el PVC es el mayor generador tratar de bajar la produccion de este. Estudios han revelado que aparte de las dioxinas, el tratamiento y elaboracion de este material producen mas de 11.000 compuestos organoclorados, de los cuales la mayoria son toxico para los seres vivos. Tambien los estudios han revelado el hecho de que practicamente todos los productos o sub productos del PVC, tienen un sustituto menos contaminante y que dejan un impacto ambiental menos del que hay ahora. Como el caso de los pesticidas que son el 26% de la produccion del cloro, existen miles de otras posibilidades menos toxicas. Para disolventes, blanqueo de papel y tratamiento de aguas servidas (cerca de20% entre los tres), estan posibilidades como el agua oxigenada o la radiacion ultrav ioleta. .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99 , .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99 .postImageUrl , .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99 , .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99:hover , .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99:visited , .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99:active { border:0!important; } .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99:active , .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99 .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6b4cfd543a05909bf07ba18e9c4dfe99:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Michael Jackson EssayEn el caso de las incineraciones de productos, es realmente necesario que se vea si no hay formacion de nuevas particulas (a veces incluso mas toxicas que las del comienzo de la quema) las cuales al ser tan fuertes, no se desasen sino que simplemente pasan a traves de las paredes de los hornos generando mayor cantidad de metales pesados. Ademas se debe ver el impacto a mediano y largo plazo que tendran dichas emisiones en algun tiempo mas. La solucion es intentar optimizar al maximo la incineracion de plasticos y de intentar reducir lo mas posible el uso y fabricacion del PVC, (tratando se usar sustitutos menos contaminantes y reciclables como el PET), con esto intentar primero frenar la creciente produccion de dioxinas y luego intentar remediar el dano hecho hasta ahora. Para su prevencion se debe intensificar la vigilancia y las medidas que vigilen a las industrias que trabajen el PVC o la celulosa, pues si el ciclo de incineracion no alcanza la temperatura necesaria (850C), la principal receptora de las dioxinas sera el aire y luego nosotros. Creo que esta investigacion fue muy satisfactoria pues nos permitio conocer mas acerca de un tema poco estudiado y descubrir nuevas cosas. El hecho que n halla mucha informacion, fue dificil en un comienzo, pero tambien es bueno saber que uno puede aportar con un poco (por muy pequeno que sea el aporte) al mejoramiento de la naturaleza, el cuidado del medio ambiente y el investigar un poco mas respecto a este tipo de temas. Por ultimo creo que es realmente importante tomar medidas al respecto pues si no cuidamos la tierra en que vivimos, no se podra esperar un mejor futura par nuestro hijos y las generaciones futuras en general.

Cyber Threat Vulnerabilitie Place Federal â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cyber Threat Vulnerabilitie Place Federal? Answer: Introduction Information System has become a very important infrastructure in any company across the world. The survival of most companies today is based on the security of their information system. However, there has never been an integrated model that has the capacity to access the possible security risks and effectively protect the information as well as the assets. Information systems such as emails, messengers, e-commerce, chatting, and m-commerce via the internet, are increasingly exposed to cyber security accidents (Bagchi, 2017). In order to ensure effective performance of any information System, a company must invest in securing the system. In addition, a proper risk management system must be put in place. This can only be done through the employment of several distinct measures. It is indisputable that there is a continued need to secure information systems (IS) (Anton, Anderson, Mesic, Scheier, 2004). There have been increased incidences of IS security and risks (Kaschek, Kop, Claudia, 2008). Information system security and risk management require continuous assessment of any risk that may be exposed to the system. Discovery of any risk should be prevented within the shortest time possible. The major component of Information system security is risk management process (Pfleeger Pfleeger, 2012). The process should be incorporated alongside risk assessment. The process of risk management should be done through the installation of preventive measures of future security problems to the system. SI risk assessment practice is in compliance with the security standards that have been set by HIPAA as well as CEISP. Risk assessment enables organizations to determine risk levels that are acceptable to them. They are then able to set appropriate security requirements. Investigation, tools, and techniques According to Information System (IS) security experts, one of the main techniques of risk management process is a risk assessment. The assessment should be done by professionals who are well trained and can easily identify risks in the information system before the system becomes vulnerable. Risk management refers to continuous a process that involves analysis, planning, monitoring and implementation of security measures of an information system (Kovacich, 2003). The process has since become a policy in most organizations across the world. Risk assessment which is a type of risk management process is executed in an interval of time. It can be done on yearly basis or on demand, based on the security requirement of the given Information System. It is important to note that risk management is a process that entails a sequence of events and activities. There are structuring and re-configuration processes that are involved in risk management. Organizations often tend to generate instantiations that are favorable to them. It is necessary to conduct an assessment of an organizations IS the security controls from time to time. However, the continuous assessment cannot fully secure an information system (Tipton Nozaki, 2012). A fully secure system demands for continuous monitoring of the system. A development life cycle of the system should also be put in place to monitor the effectiveness of the system over time. One technique that Hewlett-Packard Company uses for securing the system is through continued monitoring of the systems security details. In addition, all the changes that are made to the system are documented so that there is a reference whenever there is a security threat to the system. Reference can also be made when a risk is discovered in the information system (Jones Ashenden, 2005). Based on the result of security assessment report, remediation actions would be conducted at a later stage. The final security status is reported to the officials who are in charge of the system. HP company management has made effort and ensured that there is periodic review of the information systems security status. The security techniques are based on the guidance of NIST SP800-37. The company has come up with their own approaches that they use in managing their information systems and the possible changes that may be associated with them. Responsibilities of an owner of the information system would be greatly reduced if configuration management is done so that there is only one common security control. However, HP is a multinational company and has the financial capacity to employ enough personnel who can effectively manage their systems. In addition, Hewlett-Packards information system administrators have accorded priority to volatile security controls in the system since they h ave a greater impact in any organization (Alberts Dorofee, 2002). Risk analysis matrix and control It is almost impossible to develop an integrated security model that can be used to address all the risks associated with an information system (Bidgoli, 2016). The proposed risk analysis matrix is through adaptation of software risk management. One of the attributes of software quality is the software itself. The security risk should, therefore, be investigated in terms of the software risk. Security risk refers to the damage or attacks that are made towards an information system. According to the risk analysis matrix, damages that are made on the assets of any organization as a result of cybersecurity can be categorized according to the vulnerability and threats to the assets. The security analysis matrix shows four steps involved in the security risk analysis. In the first step, assets, vulnerabilities, and threats of a given organization are identified. They are then evaluated. The resultant outputs are finally used to carry out security risk analysis. Finally, risk mitigation measures are put in place to reduce, and where possible eliminate threats that the assets may be exposed to. The mitigation measures, therefore, play a very crucial role in minimizing security risks. Domain analysis which is the first step of customizing security risk analysis is meant to improve the accuracy of the model. The threats, assets, and vulnerabilities are therefore analyzed based on their domains (Kramer, 2013). For example, information systems of a financial institution are completely different from those of a financial institution or a learning institution. The analysis that follows is that of classification of the assets, vulnerability and the threats. Assets can be classified as data, documents, software, hardware, and circumstances. Threats may be classified as human or non-human, network or physical, accidental or deliberate and technical or environmental (Dacey, 201 0). The vulnerability may also be classified based on administration, personnel, physical circumstances, technical hardware, and software. Based on these arguments, the product of loss or damage and the probability is equal to security risk (Dacey, 2010). Loss x probability = Risk The risk in this scenario is the reduction in value of an asset when the asset becomes vulnerable. Probability refers to the chance of occurrence of a threat. Security risk matrix Likelihood of risk Extremely high Medium Generally low Risk impact High Failure to secure the password to the companys server Failure to audit the companys information system Missing security indicators on the server Moderate Failure to secure the companys wireless internet from unauthorized use Usage of un-updated antivirus and firewalls Failure to back up the companys external servers Low Failure to frequently change the password to the server Failure to secure the servers backup Provision of weak passwords to third parties Analysis of relevant threats and vulnerabilities The first step of any analysis of threats and vulnerabilities is the identification of threats that could expose vulnerabilities of an information system. The identification can be done through consideration of the connections and dependencies of the system. In addition, inherited risks, software faults, controls, incorrect file permissions and personal changes must also be closely monitored. Possible vulnerabilities that are associated with every threat are then considered. There is the possibility of a vulnerability being associated with a series of threats if not just one threat. Inputs are then collected from past risk assessments, security advisories, security test results, audits among many others. Disaster Recovery (DR) plan The success of any disaster recovery plan is determined by how well the design is. It is, therefore, necessary to ensure efficient operations during disaster recovery (Kim Solomon, 2016). The recovery should start with a strong defense that provides border protection. The defense should be provided by an external firewall that borders the services of VPN and the router (Velliquette, 2004). Hewlett-Packard has installed an external firewall to their VPN and all their routers. All the three have configurations that have the capacity to transverse all the boundaries of the organization or company (Swanson, 2011). Firewall is the main component of the security infrastructure of any information system. Computer security network should incorporate firewall that incorporates hardware specifications as well as software specifications. Issues of redundancy and physical security should also be taken into account. There should then be an approach plan for fulfilling the primary needs of the or ganization or company in the course of disaster recovery (Velliquette, 2004). Meanwhile, the management of the company should certain their prioritized services so as to secure their systems further. In addition, companies should sign against the limited functionalities during disaster recovery (Velliquette, 2004). The management of HP has equally made that as a rule to be followed by its staff in charge of information system management. Any recovery approach that has been agreed upon should be configured with the perimeter defense such that the perimeter defense would automatically shift to the state of pre-disaster just before any normal operation. The current policy of the company should be considered during the development of the firewall contingency plan. Security modules such as A CERT can be used to test the disaster policy of many firewalls. A method should be implemented to monitor traffic that moves from pre-disaster state to post-disaster state. The method can be tested with the use of relevant data from the very company. A border router that has packet filtering can be used in non-application type of vulnerabilities. Proposal for a contingency plan Information System plays a very important role in the world today. It should, therefore, be in a position to operate without any disruption (Khosrowpour, 1996). A contingency plan is intended to set back the system back into operation whenever there is a disruption. Most of the disruptions are as a result of security risks. The plan simply revolves the acronym of the system and then sets the information system back into operation. A robust contingency plan should incorporate ISCOs and other disaster recovery plans (Kovacich, 2003). Hewlett-Packard company has recovery disaster plans which is in accordance with International security management Acts. The company has incorporated a disaster recovery that can be used to retrieve its information systems acronym in the event of any disruption An established plan that consists of the recovery phase, activation phase, and reconstitution phase should be maximized (Kovacich, 2003). Thereafter, resources and procedures should be identified. They would assist in maximizing the effectiveness of the operation. Responsibilities should be assigned to facility personnel. They would provide further advice that would be of great benefit in the recovery process. Finally, there should be cooperation among all the persons who are involved in the Contingency planning (Swanson, 2011). There should also be a coordination of external points and associated vendors. Furthermore, the owners of an Information system must support the development of a proper ISCPs. The developed ISCOs would be meant for those Information Systems that are ranked much higher. Hewlett-Packard, being a renowned world leading electronics company, the company management has taken all these measures in securing and managing their information systems. Analysis and report on Controls How tools are used in the organization with reference to OSI layers The very first step that should be considered when securing information is the elimination of any information leakage. The information resources should never be compromised at any cost. The physical layer of OSI model explains that obvious things should never be considered as being obvious. In many occasions, technologists have failed to realize that simple measures are equally very important in life (Pace, 2004). Hewlett-Packard Company for an instant has put in place stringent measures to secure leakage of information from the company. Simply obtaining a clue of a resource is enough to declare it as one that has been compromised. There should a proper plan for recovering information in the event that the information data is compromised. A good recovery plan is judged based on its success in the event that information resource has been compromised. There are some harmful tools towards OSI model. However, the problem can be eliminated through an analysis. The network layer of an OSI model is where routers and firewalls operate. The layer provides the best path that links a destination to the source. It is also within the layer that IP addresses are provided so that variables or systems can be uniquely identified. A system that is connected to the internet has an IP address. The address provides a way such that there is contact between the outside world and the system. In order to find a system on the internet, it is a requirement that one has to know the specific public IP address of the system. The same applies to applications. Security of the system is therefore increased through the configuration of the IP addresses such that one cannot easily compromise. Just like other world leading companies, Hewlett-Packard Company has configured their IP address. In addition, they have encrypted all their services to further enhance the security of their information system. The encryption service symbolizes the presentation layer of OSI layer. The technique scrambles all the available content. Encryption provides a sophisticated special code. One must, therefore, reveal the code before h e or she can access the system. The application layer of OSI points towards applications that are based on end-user products. The layer supports authentication and use of other applications (Pace, 2004). The commonly used authentication at the level is a password which is assigned to a unique ID. An individual must key in the unique ID alongside a password in order to access information data. Failure to present the unique ID and a correct password mean that the individual would not have access to the system. It, therefore, reinforces the security of the system since it eliminates people who are not supposed to access the system. An account can be redesigned so that it adheres to a policy. For example, it can specify the length of the password, a combination of letters, digits and or even special characters. The duration over which one can use a password can equally be altered. Such move would simply increase the security level of the system network (Pace, 2004). Organizational units covered by the security policy The information system has security policies that must be observed in every company. At Hewlett-Packard Company, there are users who have been assigned appropriate policy rights. The users are the only ones who are able to modify the security policy of the company. If a new computer if brought into the company domain, then the security policy of the domain would apply to the new computer (Brotby, 2009). The policy of the domain overrides any change that an individual may make to the system at the level of computer desktop (Syngress, 2003). Security policy is a preserve of computers. There are also security groups which are in use in the company by many employees. Security policy enables an individual to apply a given security profile to several computers that are meant to be secured. On the other hand, security group provides standardized rights that are to be adhered to by all the members of a given group. Organizational units can be regrouped to form logical units that are to be used by the users, resource objects and groups as well. The adjustment is always done through a hierarchy which is nested within a domain (Johnson, 2014). Organizational units that are based on a given domain operate independently. Every domain, therefore, has the capacity to fulfill the demands of its own hierarchy. Similarly, domains that are coordinated from one central authority can employ common organizational unit hierarchies. Business Contingency Plan (BCP) based on the risk plan It is sound superfluous for a company to plan for disaster when all its systems are smoothly functioning. Despite that, some degree of care must be undertaken. Hewlett-Packard Company uses logic manage and cloud based tools as its business continuity tools. The tools are able to retrofit all the companys data in case of disaster and then load it back to the system. All gaps would hence be eliminated. The business continuity plan hence foster confidence among the managers of the companys information system. In addition it increases their efficiency and encourages them to embrace innovation. Best practices in security risk management Best practices are necessary for ensuring that the information system of a company is completely secured. Some of the best practices include; Expertise should be considered when choosing the individuals in charge of managing the companys information system. The chosen personnel should avoid access to the companys security controls. The individuals should also have been certified by international associations in charge of privacy such as CIPM or CIPP among others (Brotby, 2009). Business associates of the company must adhere to security and privacy requirements of the same level. They must also comply with HIPAA The management of information system of the company must regularly provide an audit report of the system and recommendations. The report should be detailed detailing all possible vulnerabilities. Conclusion Effectiveness in the performance of a given information system is based on its management. There are several security risks that Information systems are exposed to. Managers of organizations and companies must, therefore, invest in securing the information systems. A completely secure system is free from threats and vulnerabilities. There is no process that has the capacity to shield an information system from all possible security risks. As such, every organization must employ a contingency plan. In addition, there must be a recovery plan that can be used in case the information system is attacked. References Alberts, C. J., Dorofee, A. J. (2002). Managing Information Security Risks: The OCTAVE Approach. Addison-Wesley Professional. Anton, P. S., Anderson, R. H., Mesic, R., Scheier, M. (2004). Finding and Fixing Vulnerabilities in Information Systems: The Vulnerability Assessment and Mitigation Methodology. Rand Corporation. Bagchi, N. (2017). Management Information Systems. Vikas Publishing House, Bidgoli, H. (2016). Handbook of Information Security, Threats, Vulnerabilities, Prevention, Detection, and Management. John Wiley Sons. Brotby, K. (2009). Information Security Governance: A Practical Development and Implementation Approach. John Wiley Sons. Dacey, R. F. (2010). Federal Information System Controls Audit Manual (FISCAM). DIANE Publishing. Johnson, R. (2014). Security Policies and Implementation Issues. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Jones, A., Ashenden, D. (2005). Risk Management for Computer Security: Protecting Your Network and Information Assets. London, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann. Kaschek, R., Kop, C., Claudia, S. (2008). Information Systems and e-Business Technologies: 2nd International United Information Systems Conference, UNISCON 2008, Klagenfurt, Austria, April 22-25, 2008, Proceedings. New York: Springer Science Business Media. Khosrowpour, M. (1996). Information Technology Management and Organizational Innovations: Proceedings of the 1996 Information Resources Management Association International Conference, Washington. Idea Group Inc (IGI),. Kim, D., Solomon, M. G. (2016). Fundamentals of Information Systems Security. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Kovacich, G. L. (2003). The Information Systems Security Officer's Guide: Establishing and Managing an Information Protection Program. Butterworth-Heinemann. Kramer, J. (2013). The CISA Prep Guide: Mastering the Certified Information Systems Auditor Exam. John Wiley Sons. Pace, K. A. (2004). Global Information Assurance Certification Paper. SANS Institute. Pfleeger, C. P., Pfleeger, S. L. (2012). Analyzing Computer Security: A Threat/vulnerability/countermeasure Approach. Chicago: Prentice Hall Professional. Swanson. (2011). Contingency Planning Guide for Federal Information Systems. DIANE Publishing. Syngress. (2003). MCSA/MCSE Implementing, Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network Infrastructure (Exam 70-291): Study Guide and DVD Training System. Syngress. Tipton, H. F., Nozaki, M. K. (2012). Information Security Management Handbook, Sixth Edition, Volume 6. CRC Press. Velliquette, D. (2004). Computer Security Considerations in Disaster Recovery Planning.Retrieved from https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/recovery/computer-security-considerations-disaster-recovery-planning-1512. GIAC Security Essentials Certification. Wilshusen, G. C. (2009). Information Security: Cyber Threats and Vulnerabilities Place Federal Systems at Risk: Congressional Testimony. DIANE Publishing.

The True Nature of Cannibalism A Tribute to the Deceased free essay sample

This paper examines the historical realities and significance of cannibalism and cannibalistic peoples. Using historical evidence of cannibalism existence, this paper identifies different forms and practices, and explains the motives for such behaviors. For millions of years, the majority of humans and their ancestors around the world have eaten meat, derived from a countless number of animals. However, the majority of these people have avoided one particular kind of meat: human flesh. For a human to knowingly eat the flesh of his own kind has been taboo to the most extreme definition of the term. Even the thought of it provokes a deep-rooted, enculturated repulsiveness that is so powerful it has actually prevented modern humans from eating remains of dead people for the sole purpose of survival (Barker, Hulme, and Iversen 1998:37). In other words, they would rather die than eat the meat of another person. The general practice of eating human flesh, anthropophagy, commonly referred to as cannibalism, has always been a subject full of controversy and debate. We will write a custom essay sample on The True Nature of Cannibalism: A Tribute to the Deceased or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hundreds of scientific studies have been published on the subject, but few have focused on the anthropological reasons for its supposed occurrence. In order to understand the true nature of cannibalism, it is necessary to examine it from a number of different perspectives. First, the historical evidence indicating that it took place must be carefully analyzed and interpreted. Second, the different forms of cannibalism must be identified and defined, and examples of their historical presence must be cited. Lastly, the motives of each type need to be explained, detailing the various tendencies of cannibalistic peoples and their practices. Only then will the appropriate significance of cannibalism and its existence become clear.

Why Use Endnotes, Endnotes vs. Footnotes

Why Use Endnotes, Endnotes vs. Footnotes Even though parenthetical style citations have become popular in modern academia, there are plenty of times when they are not quite appropriate. You might find that you are dealing with an old-school editor who requires the use of endnotes. In fact, for many manuscript publications, endnotes are the preferred method of citation. Why Use Endnotes? Endnotes are a wonderful solution to the break in flow that citations can sometimes create. When you use them, you can be sure that your text will not be interrupted by more than a single superscript number. The reader can then turn to the back of the book or paper to read the entire citation, if they so choose. Much of the reason that we use any type of citationwhether an APA style citation or Chicago Style citationis to provide healthy proof for our claims. We want to make sure that we can write with authority, and provide backing for the theoretical points we make. We also want to be sure that we can properly utilize the works of those who have gone before us. Endnotes vs. Footnotes Because of this, few readers are interested in reading footnotes at the end of each page. In fact, many readers find it distracting, and will only desire footnotes for further investigation on the topic at hand. Because of this, endnotes have remained a quite popular reference solution in the publication realms.

ACME Inc. DRAFT Report Pt. 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ACME Inc. DRAFT Report Pt. 2 - Assignment Example This makes it hard for the attackers defacing or reading the data. Also, personal firewall must be installed on computers in a network. The antivirus must be updated with the latest malicious code definition or virus signature. When using the internet facilities in public, online transactions must be avoided at all costs. The intrusion prevention system must be installed on organizational networks in order to enhance detection and prevention of further attacks from eavesdroppers. All internet services must be used with the mutual authentication like the public key infrastructure (PKI). This enhances the authentication of the transactions by the server reducing the man-in-the-middle attacks (Michael, 2012). Port redirection is potentially risky as many people skip over the details while creating the FTP replacement system. The risks can be mitigated through creation and communication of policy against creation of tunnels or remote access within the organization. There should be an emphasis of encryption or tunnelling technologies outside the official remote access programs and the VPN toolsets. The consequences of creating private VPN into the organization must be stated clearly. The default accesses must be tightened to identify any malicious act involving the configuration so as to evade the policies and deceive the organization. The review process must be created so as to approve the SSH access to the key devices o internet. SSH may be run on various ports or tunneled into HTTP, with the precedent being set to prevent the default outboard SSH. High-level inspection tools must be installed to enhance detection of the tunnel traffic. Also, the WAN and firewall router logs must be inspected to establish the long-term and persistent connections (Trompeter & Eloff, 2001). Smurf attacks involve the attacker sending moderate traffic quantity that causes the virtual explosion of traffic

Chap 11 Video Harley Davidson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chap 11 Video Harley Davidson - Essay Example The internet is only enhancing the ability of customers of getting information to discuss with the sales agents. Vehicles sales are enhanced when shoppers have information available to them (Finlay, 2010). The use of integrated marketing communication can enhance the ability of a company to provide valuable information to its customers. Integrated marketing information ensures all forms of communication and messages are linked together (Multimediamarketing, 2009). Hal Harley could improve the relationship with its customers after the sale using a variety of different methods. â€Å"Customer service is one of the most important parts of your companys overall strategy to conducting business† (Haycox, 2011). The firm can offer its new customers that purchase a motorcycle a subscription to a bikers club. The subscription would enable the company the ability to perform primary research by offering questionnaires to the customers. The questionnaires would be included inside a free monthly magazine. The information retrieved from the questionnaires can be used to enhance the customer service function of the company. Finlay, S. (2010). Internet Shoppers Get Lots of Vehicle Info in Minutes from Responselogix. Retrieved February 15, 2012 from

Entrepreneurship - Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Entrepreneurship - Portfolio - Essay Example â€Å"The entrepreneur is the innovator who implements change within markets through the carrying out of new combinations. The carrying out of new combinations can take several forms; 1) the introduction of a new good or quality thereof, 2) the introduction of a new method of production, 3) the opening of a new market, 4) the conquest of a new source of supply of new materials or parts, 5) the carrying out of the new organization of any industry†(Kukoc and Regan, 2008, www.treasury.gov.au). The modern resurgence in the interest of investigating entrepreneurial culture and its attendant socio-economic dimensions has shed new light on its many ill-explored facets. This portfolio will briefly focus on some of these aspects and make insightful comments on its varied, complex and seminal conceptual dynamism. However, its primary objective is to profile its foremost elements in a manner for easier understanding. The modern business organization requires entrepreneurs who are not only farsighted but also shrewd strategists. Thus the challenge faced by modern entrepreneurs is not based merely on ‘risk’ but also on a more complex, fluid and hostile environment Strategic challenges include such factors as risk involved in making decisions about the nature and dimension of threats posed by competitors and the probable response to such threats. Schumpeter’s concept of creative destruction plays here a significant role by enabling the daring entrepreneur to innovate. Thus continuous innovation is a preemptive strategy that forestalls rivals’ anticipated moves (Eggert, 1998, p.209). Next there are functional challenges such as problems associated with production, marketing, finance, quality management, technology, public relations and communications. Each functional area needs the entrepreneur’s attention. Strategic approach enables the entrepreneur to integrate

Strategic Business Management and Planning of IKEA

Strategic Business Management and Planning of IKEA IKEA has its roots in Smaland, historically one of Swedens poorest regions, so hard work and economizing with resources have always been a part of its heritage. The influence can be seen in products and value-system. Based on deep knowledge of peoples lives at home, IKEA offers good quality, durable and functional home furnishing products for everyday life today. IKEA continues to learn from, and develop with co-workers, customers, suppliers and other partners in 41 countries. The policy is to make out a lot out of very little. Since it was founded IKEA has always had the concern for people and the environment. The IKEA vision to create a better everyday life for the many people puts this concern at the heart of the business. IKEA has responded to the publics rising concern for sustainability in its choice of product range, suppliers, stores and communication. It has also spotted business potential in providing sustainable solutions. Contents Table of Contents Introduction IKEA is an internationally known home furnishing retailer with fully integrated supply chain including its own industrial groups Swedwood Swedspan. The IKEA Group directly or indirectly also owns retail centres, always with an IKEA store as a unique anchor tenant. It has grown rapidly since it was founded in 1943. Today it is the worlds largest retailer, recognized for its Scandinavian style. The majority of IKEAs furniture is flat pack, ready to be assembled by the consumer. This allows reduction in costs and packaging. IKEA stores include restaurants and cafes serving typical Swedish food. They also have small food shops selling Swedish groceries, everything from the famous meatballs to jam. The IKEA group works in four basic areas: range strategy product development, production, supply and retail. Low prices are one of the cornerstones of the IKEA concept and help to make customers want to buy from IKEA. This low strategy is coupled with a wide range of well designed, functional products. IKEAs products cater from every lifestyle and life stage of its customers, who come from all age groups and types of households. This has become the vital feature when the retail sector is depressed, as it increases IKEAs potential market. Why IKEA? Walking into an IKEA is like walking into a whole new world, its a wildly different experience when I visited the IKEA store for the first time. Its an incredible value for money. IKEA offers a tremendous bargain to the savvy buyer you just have to pick wisely. Many of IKEAs product ranges are component based, meaning that the parts and pieces that make up the whole are sold separately, so lots of flexibility. Low price, but not at any price is IKEAs motto when it comes to social environmental responsibility. IKEA works toward using the least amount of resources possible and as many renewable and recyclable material as possible in their products. While price is a prime consideration neither safety nor quality are compromised in the pursuit of a low price. One of the fundamental reasons that IKEA is able to sell for less is that they expect and require you to do part of the work yourself. The IKEA group has developed an environmental policy to ensure that the company and its co-workers take environmental responsibility for all activities conducted within its business. Marketing Strategy Your partner in better living. We do our part, you do yours. Together we save money. Internet, T.V., Newspapers, magazines. Catalog being the main marketing instrument. IKEAs success is based on principal marketing strategies that remain the same throughout the world, which include a catalogue that is printed in 17 languages and the use of the colors of the Swedish flag blue and yellow in IKEA logo. This is combined with an emphasis on customer freedom and choice with regard to buying and taking home products, and low prices intend to create a sale mentality amongst customers. This aggressive price strategy coupled with a wide product range catering for every potential lifestyle and life stage of a consumer, can best summarize the companys recipe for success. General Marketing Strategy To describe IKEAs marketing strategy it is necessary to start with its business concept as formulated in IKEAs mission (IKEA 12 Jan 2009).IKEA offers a wide range of well designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible can afford. The key words in the business mission, address several marketing aspects and the marketing strategy can be seen to emanate from it. One central theme is the alleged standardized approach of IKEA: IKEAs guiding principle is to work in the same way in every country within which it operates. SWOT Analysis IKEAs goals of sustainability and environmental design are central to its business strategy. It has launched a new sustainability plan to take the company through to 2015. This will combine social, environmental and economic issues. IKEA uses SWOT analysis to help it reach its objectives. This is a strategic planning tool. It helps the business to focus on key issues. SWOT is the first stage of planning and looks at the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or business venture. Strength and weaknesses are internal aspects. This means they are within the control of the business. They may refer to aspects of marketing, finance, manufacturing or organization. Opportunities and threats are external factors. This means that they are outside the control of the business. These may include the environment, the economic situation, social changes or technological advances, such as the internet. (Johnson, 2005) Strengths Every company needs to analyze its strengths so that the company can overcome its shortcomings and can increase its profits. IKEA attracts key consumer groups as it is a strong global brand. It promises good quality and price. It offers wide range of well designed, functional products at low prices. It is important to have good relations between suppliers, retailers and customers. Ikeas adopt strategic schemes of work based on relationship marketing which aspire to make better customer devotion and long term relationship with suppliers. Here the Porters Five Forces (Appendix 2) model can be applied. In relation to buyer power in the company IKEA seeks to enhance customer loyalty and make good relations with existing customers while aiming at winning new customers also and tying them into long term relationships with companies. To result this IKEA provides nursing rooms and playgrounds for parents to make sure that the children have positive experience at the outlets and offering home delivery. It also provides a hotline for customers who have troubles with the assembly or missing parts. According to Five Forces Model of Porter (Appendix 2), the substitute products are matter of searching for other products which can perform the same function as the product of the industry. While furniture cannot be the substituted product by the majority of people. Therefore IKEA has the nature of supplying them and the manner in which products or services can be supplied, have become highly substitutable with technological developments. IKEA organizes the furniture in its store in such a way that the customers would not need to try on the furniture to see if they fit and look good in their rooms and computer imaging could allow the creation of virtual rooms. By this the suitability of purchasing of products also increases. The emergence on e-shopping method is another example that IKEA applied and will continuously shape traditional furniture retailers competitive positions in the market. Such strategies have yet remained underutilized and such substitutes have yet become part of t heir competitive strategies. Weakness IKEA has to grant its weaknesses so as to improve and manage them. This will help to set its objectives and developing new strategies. The size and scale of its global business can be one of its weaknesses. It could make it hard to control standards and quality. In some countries, they do not execute the legislation to control working condition, where IKEA products are made. This shows a weak link in IKEAs supply chain, disturbing consumer views of IKEAs products. IKEA needs to balance between the low costs and good quality products. It doesnt differentiate itself and its products with other competitors. It believes that there is nothing to compromise between good quality products and low prices. It must keep good quality relations with the customers and the stakeholders about its environmental actions. To enable business to communicate with different target audiences IKEA produces publications in print and online (eg People and the Environment) and carries out major TV and radio cam paigns. It operates in a highly competitive industry, characterized by small family-run businesses producing low cost which include other low priced furniture producers characterized by designs that are expensive which results in small-scale production for the local market. Besides this, a few large retailers such as Nova, Courts and Furniture mall enjoying economies of scale to compete effectively as they are producing affordable products. It can be seen that the competition of rivals is intense with IKEA and Porters Five Forces can be applied. It has seen that there are the differences of opinion concerning product offerings and positioning. Opportunities Every business take an advantage of opportunities that arise uses its strengths. IKEA believes that resulting in good conducts even in a price sensitive market it should conduct environmentally focused business. As the company states that the customers live more suitable life at home as there is a true business potential for IKEA in providing solutions to them. IKEA is recycling and reusing the used products and is developing effective solutions for customers to support them, aiming at producing new IKEA products with recycled materials. IKEA has some of the opportunities that take advantage of through its sustainability agenda are- increasing demands of greener products, increasing demand for low priced products. The customers may switch from more expensive stores to IKEA by seeing the trends in current financial climate. IKEA gives online tips and suggestions for sustainable life at home. To be open with all its stakeholders IKEA builds trust with its consumers, co-workers, key opi nion farmers and press through good communication. It organizes programmes to reduce its use of water. IKEA also focuses on developing social responsibility; here IKEA applied Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy, its policy includes support for charities such as World Wide Fund, UNICEF and Save the Children. IKEAs relationships are redefined by IWAY policies and practices with suppliers with more effective way. The actions of IKEA in response to the crises of 1995 were very appropriate as the company made a realization that it would be in their best interest to think long term instead of short term. Threats IKEA can use a particular strength in defending against threats in the market. If a company is aware of its threats it can plan to counteract them. By applying PESTEL Framework (Appendix 3), IKEA has threats in social factors. IKEA gives suggestions to the customers for more sustainable life by online. Because of this the customers would reduce their impact on the environment although it saves money. IKEA is large enough to enjoy economies of scale. This lowers average costs in the long run through, for example, effective use of technology or employing expert managers. Economies of scale also give a business a competitive perimeter if cost savings are then conceded on to customers in the figure of lower prices. For the smaller companies entering into the market this puts up high Barriers to Entry (Appendix 2). Economic factors, part of PESTEL Framework (Appendix 3), can also be applied here as in tough times IKEA create an appeal amongst its customers as it provides low prices. When the retail sector is depressed it is better to low cost as much as possible. Consumers come with limited financial resources because of the IKEAs pricing strategy. Its products will also demand to those with higher budgets through good quality and design. The company must make sure that it is always recognized in the future as having lowest cost on the market. Communication plays an important role here. There is an overall threat to the performance of the business in UK and American markets due to global depression there is over rising of living costs and depleting disposable income. Conclusion With hundreds of stores across the world IKEA is a well known global brand. It must charge its external and competitive environment in order to improve performance. By this it can reveal the key opportunities and the threats it can deal with. IKEAs passion combines design, economical use of resources, low prices and responsibility for people and the environment. IKEA tries to go ahead of profitability and reputation. It develops a sustainable business (Appendix 1). This will make an enhanced daily life for its customers. IKEA has exposed a business truth- being sustainable and accountable is not just good for customers and the planet; it is also excellent for business. A steady development of the IKEA retail business appears to be the focus for the company in the near future, with strategies unlikely to include aggressive expansion into new areas, but rather building and developing in old. (The United Kingdom, 2005). However development of e-commerce some changes may be seen. As IKEA is already assured that its products are of good quality and craftsmanship, the consumers may prefer to but its products through Internet. IKEA has also adopted an insistent expansion-based strategy more than the last few years, although the flaw of the external consumer market means that sales growth in excess of the next few years should remain relatively reserved.

Cause for Action Essay -- Essays Papers

Cause for Action Imagine a country where a person’s belongings could be taken at any moment and then given to someone else for no apparent reason. Likewise, that same person’s culture, their way of life, would be disregarded, and they would be forced to use a new language and adapt to a different culture. After the culture is done away with, those who remember it die off rapidly. Even with the declining culture, religious persecution becomes apparent along with the long political conflicts. This very incident occurred at the end of the 19th century. It happened in Ireland to the Gaelic culture, but a man by the name of Douglas Hyde wasn’t about to let his culture disappear. Thus the Gaelic League was created. Many problems had to pave the way for this unique and distinctive league to form in 1893. It took a previous group, the Gaelic Athletic Association, to motivate the strong opposition of eliminating the Irish heritage. Also the Home Rule Act, set in place by England, added yet another harsh tone to Ireland. Furthermore the Irish education was showing a bleak outlook for the future. This created a need for Irish independence therefore making the Gaelic League possible. The Irish population dropped rapidly during the Great Potato Famine causing much of what was left of the Irish speaking people to be no more. The potato was a major crop in Ireland at the time and yet today; in the mid 1800’s it was their only crop because of the amount of nutrients supplied in one potato and the number of potatoes yielded in each acre. The Irish farmers were too poor and had very little money to invest in any other crop except potato. Consequently when a virus went through the land killing most... ...ivities. The League became a base for the Irish spirit to grow. The League declared St. Patrick’s Day a national holiday and removed a law that banned Irish names from being written on the front of stores. All mail addressed in Irish that once would no longer be delivered was once again being delivered thanks to the Gaelic League. The Gaelic League was a savior for the Gaelic Culture and is still very active. Many American cities have their own Gaelic Leagues and many hold athletic competitions still today. St. Patrick’s Day is also a much celebrated holiday in the United States even for people who are not of the Irish culture. The Gaelic culture was dwindling fast due to many unfortunate factors, but thanks to Douglas Hyde stepping up and creating the Gaelic League, the Gaelic culture is still going strong today all over the world.

Questions on Psychology

1.Which of the following statements most accurately represents the use of plant-based psychoactive substances?A. Plant-based psychoactive drugs are uncommon today and rarely used. B. Today marijuana is the only plant-based psychoactive substance that is still used. C. All plants that yield psychoactive substances are illegal today. D. About 4,000 plants yield psychoactive substances, and the vast majority are not illegal.2. The Gin Epidemic†¦E. is a mythF. was brought under control through high taxes and the strict regulation of the sale of ginG. devastated the Middle EastH. is a current problem3. The British encouraged the planting of hemp in the new American colonies for which of the following reasons?I. to provide England with strong fibers from which it could make rope and sails for its shipsJ. to produce psychoactive drugs derived from cannabis that could be sold to other countriesK. to ensure that the colonists would be high most of the time and therefore easier to control L. as a means of payment to slave laborers4. Listed below are three different sequential variations of drugs in the opiate family.Which one accurately represents the order in which the drugs were discovered and used (from left to right, representing oldest to newest drug forms).M. opium, heroin, morphineN. morphine, opium, hydromorphoneO. opium, morphine, heroinP. hydromorphone, morphine, heroin 5. According to the authors of Uppers, Downers, All Arounders, a psychoactive drug is defined as†¦Q. any substance that directly alters the normal functioning of the central nervous systemR. any substance that is illicit or illegalS. those substance that cause numbness and drowsinessT. hose substances that cause increased energy and alertness6. The most rapid route of administering a drug to reach the brain is intravenously.U. trueV. false7. To titrate a drug means to continuously regulate the amount of drug you are receiving.W. trueX. false8. The physical, mental, and emotional effects a person experiences from taking psychoactive drugs are caused by the modification or mimicking of the neurotransmitters’ function.Y. trueZ. false9. A person’s level of emotional and physical stress can increase the ability of psychoactive drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier.truefalse10. Active transport occurs when fat-soluble drugs pass from an area where there is a higher concentration of a drug to an area of lower concentration.truefalse11. Passive transport occurs when water-soluble drugs such as cocaine cross the blood-brain barrier by hitching a ride on molecules that cross the blood-brain barrier. _.truefalse12. Regardless of which method a person uses to consume a psychoactive drug, the drug reaches the brain through the bloodstream.a. trueb. false13. The more rapidly a psychoactive drug reaches its central nervous ystem target, the less the reward and the lower the reinforcing effect.c. trued. false14. The central nervous system is composed of the spinal cord and the brain.e. truef. false15. The compulsive gambler’s reward/control pathway in the brain becomes hijacked similar to the ways the brain becomes rewired from alcohol and other drug addiction.g. trueh. false16. On which part of the body does long-term use of stimulants (e. g. , nicotine, cocaine, and methamphetamine) have the most significant impact?i. skeletal systemj. muscular systemk. digestive system . cardiovascular system17. The neurotransmitter most often involved in the use of strong stimulants is dopamine, which triggers feelings of†¦m. hunger satisfaction/satietyn. apathyo. extreme thirstp. emotional depression18. Cocaine epidemics†¦q. last for centuriesr. occur in cycles every few generationss. are fictitioust. have been exaggerated19. Which form and method of using cocaine produces the most intense immediate high?u. chewing pure coca leavesv. snorting powdered cocainew. smoking crack cocainex. ingestion of cocaine in a beverage 20.20. How long wi ll the high from snorting a typical dose of powder cocaine (0. 2 to 0. 5 grams) generally last?y. 1 minutez. 5 to 20 minutes {. 40 to 60 minutes |. 2 to 3 hours21. How long will the high from smoking a typical dose of crack cocaine (1 rock) generally last? }.1 minute ~.5 to 20 minutes40 to 60 minutes2 to 3 hours22. How long will the high from a typical oral or snorted dose of amphetamine generally last? .40 to 60 minutes1 to 2 hours2 to 3 hours4 to 6 hours23. The illicit manufacture and distribution of methamphetamine in the United States today is due to the involvement of†¦ .iker gangs like the Hell’s Angelsrenegade pharmaceutical and industrial chemists.Mexican gangs and drug cartelsColombian cartels24. Continued smoking to avoid the negative effects of nicotine withdrawal is known as†¦inverse tolerancenegative drug reinforcementpositive drug reinforcementreverse tolerance25. Which of the following best describes how the first cigarette of the day affects a smoker ?increases blood pressure and heart ratestimulates appetitesatisfies the nicotine craving for the rest of the dayall of the above26. What is the half-life of caffeine? . 40 minutes . 1 to 2 hours . 3 to 7 hours . 24 to 48 hours27. Among those who try a cigarette, what percentage will become daily habitual smokers? . 10% . 25% . 50% . 80%28. Which of the following best describes one of the health benefits of quitting smoking? . The risk of heart attack is eliminated within a week of quitting. . Lung cancer rates to drop to the rate of nonsmokers after 40 years of nonsmoking. . Within just 20 minutes of quitting, blood pressure, pulse rate, and temperature of hands and feet drop to normal. Within five days coughing, sinus congestion, and shortness of breath decrease.29. Drinking alcohol before using cocaine will do which of the following? 1. prolong and intensify cocaine’s effects 2. cancel each other out because one is a stimulant and one is a depressant 3. create cocaethylene , which increases violent tendencies 4. create narcalon, which decreases the stimulant effects of cocaine . results 2 and 4 only . results 1 and 3 only . results 1, 2, 3, and 4 . none of the above30. Prolonged use of strong stimulants (e. g. , cocaine, methamphetamine) results in which of the following? . depletion of the body’s energy resources 2. enhancement of the body’s energy resources 3. cellular and organ damage 4. paranoia . results 1 and 4 only . results 2, 3, and 4 only . results 1, 3, and 4 only . results 2 and 3 only31. The primary illegitimate source for obtaining prescription drugs, such as OxyContin, Vicodin, and Xanax, is over the Internet. . true . false32. The number of people in the United States who overdose on heroin is greater than the number who overdose on any other type of opioid, including hydrocodone, oxycodone, and methadone. . true . false33.Treatment for addiction to opiates requires physical detoxification and psychological correction. . true . false34. Using a needle continuously to inject drugs in the same blood vessels can cause them to collapse. . true . false35. An individual who is under the influence of heroin will have dilated pupils. . true . false36. Depressants affect the central nervous system by elevating the user’s blood pressure, pulse, heart rate, and respiration. . true . false37. Tolerance to one type of depressant, such as alcohol, can lead to the development of cross-tolerance for another depressant, such as benzodiazepines. true . false38. Human beings have naturally occurring (endogenous) opioids, which cause many of the same effects as those caused by taking opioid drugs (exogenous). . true . false39. The majority of heroin available in the United States comes from Afghanistan. . true . false40. Opiates block the release of substance P, which is the name of the neurotransmitter that transmits pain messages from nerve cell to nerve cell. . true . false41. The â€Å"stop† switch in the brain, which tells your mind and body that it has had enough and disrupts the addictive cycle, is located in the brain stem. true . false42. Overdose deaths involving opioids most commonly include their combined use with other legal or licit substances like alcohol, benzodiazepines, or antidepressants. . true . false43. One of the symptoms of chronic opiate use is itchy skin. . true . false44. Law enforcement and treatment personnel can get a strong indication of what type of drug a person is using from the size of his pupils. . true . false45. Opioids, such as hydrocodone (Vicodin), usually suppress nausea and vomiting. . true . false46.Psychedelics come only from natural plant sources. . true . false47. Synesthesia is defined as the crossing of senses, such as when visual input becomes sound. . true . false48. The entire U. S. supply of LSD for one year weighs about 11 pounds. A. true B. false49. In addition to their psychedelic effects, all arounders also depress the central nervous system. . true . false50. The strength of LSD/â€Å"acid† available on the streets today is stronger than the LSD/â€Å"acid† that was widely available on the streets in the 1960s and 1970s. . true . false51.Tolerance to LSD develops quickly, within days of daily use. . true . false52. Marijuana is not addictive and does not induce compulsive use. . true . false53. Psilocybin mushrooms cause less disassociation, panic, and psychotic reactions compared with LSD. . true . false54. People who take LSD may experience flashbacks (re-experiencing symptoms of a trip) that are similar to post-traumatic stress disorder. . true . false55. A â€Å"fry† is a marijuana joint dipped in formaldehyde or embalming fluid, dried, and then smoked. . true . false56. Hashish is made from†¦ pressed psilocybin mushrooms . cannabis resin . synthetic chemical compounds . tobacco57. Marijuana has been illegal in the United States since†¦ . 1776 . 1850 . 1937 . 149258. A s of 2011 an ounce of marijuana in the United States costs†¦ . $100 to $150 . $200 to $400 . $500 to $600 . $800 to $1,00059. Marijuana in the urine of a regular user is detectable for†¦ . 1 to 2 days . 7 to 14 days . 3 to 6 weeks . 3 to 6 months60. The hallucinating effects of salvia divinorum last for†¦ . 30 minutes . 1 to 2 hours . 6 to 8 hours . 12 to 24 hours

buy custom Real Estate in California essay

buy custom Real Estate in California essay The real estate industry in California is in its lowest level as of today. The reduction of price is widely attributed to the global recession that struck the world from the year 2007. Before the global recession, real estate in California was at its highest pick. Residential houses could be bought at a price of $ 1 million. This amount of money is very hard to find in the present time. Many people have refocused their priorities on basic needs than investment. This means that it will take a long time for the prices of houses to stabilize. Buying a home or a house at this time has two implications. A long term investor can enjoy the low prices today with an aim of capitalizing on future price increments. This move is however speculative and could crush down if prices fail to rise to higher levels. The real estate industry has had a lot of shakeup in the past four years. The shakeup made the industry so volatile. The government had to come in at some point to help provide incentives to buyers so that the industry could be revived. These incentives have been eliminated at the moment. This means that very few people will be buying the houses at this time. I recommend that buying a house at this point will not be a viable investment. Home owners are at this time working so hard to recover the moneys that they spent in the constructions. Such money recoveries always make sellers inflate the prices. This means that a person can buy a house at a high rate only to lose the value with the sobbing prices. I disapprove any move to buy house at this time. The present home owners have more loans than what their properties stand at. This harsh feeling makes investment in this sector an idea that should not be encouraged. Buy custom Real Estate in California essay

Feminism in the novel Jane Eyr essays

Feminism in the novel Jane Eyr essays The word "feminism" today can conjure up any number of images and nasty thoughts of left-wing bra-burning man-hating radicals or women in politics fighting for pro-choice options. It seems like everyone has an opinion when it comes to the word feminism, and many of them are somewhat negative. However, recently, feminism has calmed down and gained a quieter reputation. Although feminism seems to the modern reader a phenomenon of the 20th century with the suffragettes of the 20s and the womens liberation movement of the 60s and 70s, it has always existed. It was not always called feminism, nor did believers in equality always have a refuge with like-thinkers. In Charlotte romance novel, Jane Eyre, the protagonist, Jane, had a definite feminist bent. In 1800s, behavior followed such straight-laced regulated standards that most modern women would be considered excruciatingly radical and unconventional. Thus Janes version of feminism was much milder by our expectations, but it exists none theless. Jane strove for what Websters dictionary describes as, "the doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men," except of course, there was no "doctrine" in the 1840s. But seeing as there was no standard to follow, why was Jane a feminist? She was not exposed to men while she was growing up, she had no female role models to learn submission from, when she tried being independent and demanding equality, it worked, and her education perpetuated her beliefs. There are many reasons why Jane Eyre was a feminist. Although it seems logical that not being exposed to men would eradicate the need for equality with men, Jane was never one to follow expectations. Throughout her entire childhood and adolescence, she never interacted with men in a way that would be conducive to submission. As an orphan, she lived with her uncles widow, Mrs. Reed. The only male ...

How can dissemination of legal information improved the society Essay

How can dissemination of legal information improved the society - Essay Example Individuals will get the concepts of legal rights of preservation, their personal rights and the public rights. For a long period of time people have been leading a miserable life with the main reason being that they do not the rights that they are entitled. This, therefore, led to the study of how dissemination legal information could improve the society. Through the dissemination of legal information, economic development of the society was realized because people got to know of their rights. Knowing of ones’ right equals empowerment. The study was done with the aim of showing the impact of dissemination of legal information in the society. Dissemination of legal information for understanding involves targeting groups that have little or no understanding of the legal information. This is because there is a notion that they can benefit from understanding the legal Information and it is here that they get to know of the rights that they are entitled to. It will be of great sig nificance that these groups have a deeper understanding of the legal information (Danner, 23). Dissemination of Legal Information for Action denotes a modification of practice subsequent from the adoption of merchandises, materials or methods offered by the Legal Information (Zubok & Chuprov, 72). These groups are of great importance as they are those that are in a great position to influence and bring about change in the dissemination of Legal Information. These are the audiences that will need to be well equipped with the proper skills, knowledge and understanding of the legal Information. Based on that, dissemination of legal information can improve the society by conservation all rights that entrusted by law, Contribution to society improvement, and Knowledge of the means that can be used for spread the legal information. To improve the society by disseminating of legal information, people need to know the concept of legal rights preservation. Public rights are the part of the  law  that rules relations between people and the government. Public rights belong to the people  but are justified by political bodies. Examples of public rights entail the public right to use highways and public rights of fishing and navigation (Pearson, 33). Through public rights the society gets improved in aspects such as better citizenship, better citizenship is realized through opportunities to contribute and support nature conservation activities and through education in getting to know the environment around us as a share of formal and informal education contributing to improved citizenship and respect to the environment. Another aspect is sustainable travel through the rights of way we get the safe travel to different places, free traffic routes for recreation and for travel to work or school, or to access services. This enables the improvement of the society, as we are able to move to various places to carry out our different livelihoods and conduct our businesses. T hrough the public rights we get to know of our rights of travel and navigation which immensely contributes to the improvement of the society as people have a right to go to different places to work or even carry out their business where they presume fit or depending on the market. This contributes to well-being of the society which translates to the improvement of the economy (Pearson, 34). Personal rights are legal rights persons have over their own bodies.

The Ethical and Regulatory Issues of the Business-To-Consumer Site Case Study

The Ethical and Regulatory Issues of the Business-To-Consumer Site - Case Study Example There are some important factors that you must make all of your IT team aware of prior to the startup of the business-to-consumer site. These issues are legal, ethical and regulatory in nature. Awareness of these issues is imperative for all IT workers and significant to the content of the site. Due to the significance of these issues and the need to maintain your reputation in good standing. I have prepared a meeting to explain and discuss the following issues with the entire IT Team including Senior Manages.The points to be addressed at the meeting are; †¢Ethical issues in marketing, B2B + ethics, marketing standards for advertising ethics B2C site compared to a B2B site. †¢Ethics and B2B, legal, & ethical issues. E-business Ethical Issues & Concerns. †¢What are Internet ethics and B2B marketing and advertising ethics in B2B and B2C? B2B legal, ethics, regulatory ethical and legal issues with websites B2C & B2B. The Internet is a growing and continually evolving creature that will live on in perpetuity. As such, it would be wise to ponder the e-business legal and Internet marketing ethical issues of b2b b2c. Whatever is written and published online will be there forever. Imagine the billions upon billions of text information pages that are and will be stored for a long time. There is even a site where you can go Way Back to check out archives of other websites and view pages that were created at the beginning of their infancy. Additionally, video, films, movies, and audio in various applications formats are also viewable. Please make all members of your team aware of the meeting and the issues that will be addressed: Meeting: Monday, August 3rd 9:30v AM Location: Conference Room F 3rd Floor It is important all IT employees attend.

Stare Decisis and the Principle of Precedent Coursework

Stare Decisis and the Principle of Precedent - Coursework Example Gur-Arie highlights that though judicial independence was originally intended in order to have courts and judges who settle disputes impartially regardless of potential, proffers, and real favors. In addition, the judges are expected to uphold democratic accountability. However, the United States provisions promote the judiciary’s democratic control on one hand while promoting judicial independence on the other. This is evident in the present procedures for judicial budgeting that leaves the courts and judges under the oversight and slight control from the executive and the legislature. One best instance is that of executive branch influencing judicial funding levels through its propositions to Congress on fiscal policy. Furthermore, the Congress determines the extent of funding for the judicial branch. Conversely, the Legislators utilize their power on funding to reveal the approval or disapproval of how the judges manage the courts, and though rare, the legislators use their positions to reveal their approval or disapproval of decisions by the judiciary. In addition, Congress utilizes other control means to regulate the effects of judicial decision making and the threats of other decisions in the future. In this case, the fact that it is the president who appoints federal judges with the consent and advice of the Senate leaves the judiciary under the influence of political forces as the legislature and the executive seek to achieve their ambitions.

Introduction To Duty Of Care In Health Essay Example for Free

Introduction To Duty Of Care In Health Essay I heard you were thinking of working in the Care Profession which is excellent, I just wanted to fill you in on a few things which would help you. Health and Social Care work places have what is called a duty of care which means that you have a duty of care towards the people that you are looking after that means you must do everything you can to keep the individuals you look after safe from harm. It is not only the work place that has to prioritise the safety, welfare and interests of the individuals using the service but also the care staff. Care workers must also have a duty of care towards other staff members to ensure that all working conditions are safe and suitable to deliver the best service they can. It also means being a responsible care giver for other individuals who could be too ill or physically unable to care for themselves and requires another person to assist them on a daily basis, this could include assisting the individuals with their personal hygiene, safety, meal preparation or other medical and physical needs until they are met to the highest standards that the individual is happy with. Duty of Care affects the way people work as the employer provides policies and procedures and ways of being aware of any dangers by carrying out Risk Assessments. Social Care workers and Care organisations must do as much as possible to keep individuals safe from harm, we do these Risk Assessments by looking for either a hazard which is an actual or potential such as a chemical or process that may lead to an accident, also risks a situation that can lead to a hazard and carry the possibilities of something serious happening.

The Scientific Revolutions and Copernicus Book Essay -- History Scien

The Scientific Revolutions and Copernicus' Book In the sixteenth and seventeenth century a Scientific Revolution swept over Europe. The start of this Scientific Revolution has been atributed to Nicolaus Copernicus and his Heliocentric Model of the Universe. Copernicus was born in Torun Poland on February 19, 1473. His parents both died when he was very young so he was sent to live with his uncle who was a high ranking official in the Church. Copernicus studied canon law, medicine, astronomy, Greek, philosophy, and mathematics. His diversified fields of study led him to hold the positions of physician, teacher, member of parliament, and canon law expert for the Church. At the age of twenty Copernicus left Poland for Italy for the purposes of schooling and work. Copernicus released his theory of a sun centered universe in his book "On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres" which was published in 1543. This is the same year in which he died at the age of 70. Copernicus waited to release his book until on his deathbed because he feared reprisal from the Church and his peers. Copernicus said he "saw his completed work only at his last breath apon the day that he died." Before Copernicus the world believed in the Ptolemaic model of the unive rse. Ptolemy was a Greek astronomer who developed his model in 150 A.D. This model held that the Earth was at the center of the universe and that all of the planets, moons, and stars rotated around the Earth in different spheres. It also said that everything in space was made up of "perfect" material that was unchangeable. Ptolemy based his model on the teachings of Aristotle. He released his theory in the book "The Mathematical Collection." For over 800 years the Ptolemaic model of the ... ...tter than other planets. We do not sense the motion of our own planet therefore from our vantage point it appears as if the other planets are moving backwards. This process is known as retrograde motion. Retrograde motion explains why the brightness of planets vary. It also explains why some planets appear to move faster than others. Bibliography - Donald Kagan, Ozment, and Turner. "THe Western HertiageBrief Edition: Vol. 2 Since 1648." Prentice Hall. NJ. 1996 (330-331) - http://www.cvnet/Ftpsites/starfinders/articles/ecu.htm - http://www.gco.org.au/st6/6-4945md.jpg - http://www.gco.org.au/index.html - http://csep10phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/retrograde/copernican.html - http://ceps.nasm.edu:2020/RPIF/IMG/EARTH/earth.gif - http://ceps.nasm.edu:2020/RPIF/IMG/EARTH/earthrise.gif - http://www.isomedia.com/homes/cuedeler/astroks.htm The Scientific Revolutions and Copernicus' Book Essay -- History Scien The Scientific Revolutions and Copernicus' Book In the sixteenth and seventeenth century a Scientific Revolution swept over Europe. The start of this Scientific Revolution has been atributed to Nicolaus Copernicus and his Heliocentric Model of the Universe. Copernicus was born in Torun Poland on February 19, 1473. His parents both died when he was very young so he was sent to live with his uncle who was a high ranking official in the Church. Copernicus studied canon law, medicine, astronomy, Greek, philosophy, and mathematics. His diversified fields of study led him to hold the positions of physician, teacher, member of parliament, and canon law expert for the Church. At the age of twenty Copernicus left Poland for Italy for the purposes of schooling and work. Copernicus released his theory of a sun centered universe in his book "On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres" which was published in 1543. This is the same year in which he died at the age of 70. Copernicus waited to release his book until on his deathbed because he feared reprisal from the Church and his peers. Copernicus said he "saw his completed work only at his last breath apon the day that he died." Before Copernicus the world believed in the Ptolemaic model of the unive rse. Ptolemy was a Greek astronomer who developed his model in 150 A.D. This model held that the Earth was at the center of the universe and that all of the planets, moons, and stars rotated around the Earth in different spheres. It also said that everything in space was made up of "perfect" material that was unchangeable. Ptolemy based his model on the teachings of Aristotle. He released his theory in the book "The Mathematical Collection." For over 800 years the Ptolemaic model of the ... ...tter than other planets. We do not sense the motion of our own planet therefore from our vantage point it appears as if the other planets are moving backwards. This process is known as retrograde motion. Retrograde motion explains why the brightness of planets vary. It also explains why some planets appear to move faster than others. Bibliography - Donald Kagan, Ozment, and Turner. "THe Western HertiageBrief Edition: Vol. 2 Since 1648." Prentice Hall. NJ. 1996 (330-331) - http://www.cvnet/Ftpsites/starfinders/articles/ecu.htm - http://www.gco.org.au/st6/6-4945md.jpg - http://www.gco.org.au/index.html - http://csep10phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/retrograde/copernican.html - http://ceps.nasm.edu:2020/RPIF/IMG/EARTH/earth.gif - http://ceps.nasm.edu:2020/RPIF/IMG/EARTH/earthrise.gif - http://www.isomedia.com/homes/cuedeler/astroks.htm