How does Miller present the relationship between Abigail and Proctor? Essay

In The Crucible, we follow the adulterous and turbulent relationship surrounded by Abigail Williams and nates Proctor, and watch it change and develop through come out the play, from Abigail trying to reinstate the action in Act 1, to earth-closet Proctor confessing and therefore destroying it at the end of the play.John Proctor is an honest, plain-speaking local farmer. He is an impressive presence in the room, be described as a man in his prime and exponentful of body, illustrating his strength and independence. Although some people criticise his religious commitments, he is loosely respected and even fe atomic number 18d in Salem, again suggesting his position in the community. How perpetually, we then learn that he is a sinner. Although it may be easy, at this point, for the reader to judge Proctor, forming a negative opinion of him, we then learn that he sins against his own vision of decent conduct and regards himself as a phony, implying that he dec and is ashamed of hi s sins.Proctor represents common sense and decency. He is not perfect, but is very aware of his own faults, unlike m both others in the play. He is his own harshest judge. He believes very strongly in telling the truth but is tortured by the knowledge that he is living a lie. Although he is guilty of hypocrisy, he condemns himself for it. Here, Miller presents proctor in a much positive light and intends for the reader to empathise with Proctor, given that he regrets his mistakes and is burdened constantly by guilt.Abigail Williams is Reverend Parriss niece and the leader of the girls and drives the witchcraft accusations. She wants revenge on Elizabeth Proctor for dismissing her and winning John Proctor back from her after the affair. She is shown has powerful when she says to the girls Now, look you, all of you, asserting that she is very much in charge. She is also very controlling when she tells bloody shame warren to Shut it and slaps her, we see her pickings advantage of Mar y Warrens shy and meek character by scaring and threatening her into doing what she wants. This is repeated when Abigail destroys Marys newfound courage against the girls by pretending to see her spirit as a yellow bird.Abigail also calls the good-natured Elizabeth Proctor a gossiping liar, signifying that she is sly and manipulative,adjusting the situation in order to remain innocent. She is also cunning as well as manipulative, in that she realises that she can generate hysteria in the other girls and she uses this to defend and confirm her own argument and accusations. She inspires fear in all of the girls and the entire town this is illustrated when we learn that where she walks the crowd will part like the see for Israel, proving that even the ripened townspeople of Salem are taken in by her power.In Act 1 we are given an insight into the complex relationship between Proctor and Abigail. It is the first scene in which we are given actual evidence of their affair, which (up un til their conversation in Act 1) is hardly rumoured. In this scene John Proctors power is reinforced when Mary Warren jumps in fright when he enters. It is clear that he has a similar effect on Abigail, who immediately flatters Proctor when they are alone, citing that she had al about forgotten how strong he is. She also gives a nervous laugh, showing that she likes him a lot and is slightly worried around him as she is always on her guard to appear more mature.She feverishly looks deep into his eyes, showing that he has power over her, and suggesting that she is looking as deep as she can into Proctor, searching for some form of response or reciprocation of her feelings towards him. Abigail also stands as though on tilt, implying that she is trying to seem more mature and of better status than she is. When someone is on tiptoe, they are trying to be more than they are, be that taller, more confident or mature, but they are often unsound by doing this and they struggle to keep t heir balance. It is this that causes Abigails downfall in the end, in that she too becomes unstable by trying to be more than she is, throughout the play. Her plan to win John Proctor backfires as a result of accusations multiplying and, as hysteria spirals out of control, it is Abigail who loses control of the whole situation and (albeit unintentionally) causes Proctors death.In the same scene, we see Proctors attitude towards Abigail and their affair change. At first, he gives a knowing smile, suggesting that he may still have some feelings for her. Once Abigail has told Proctor that they danced in the woods, he replies in a somewhat frolicky tone, saying Ah,youre wicked yet, arent y giving the impression that likes her too and also wants to carry on with the affair. An alternative interpretation of this is that he encourages deportment forbidden by Puritans such as dancing in the woods (which they believed to be full of evil spirits) because he knows that there isnt really any danger in the woods, and that it will infuriate Parris, whom Proctor despises. He also jokes that Abigail will be clapped in the stocks before shes twenty This ironic because Abigail is one of the hardly people who is not punished, despite being one of the only people who deserves to be. Abigail then begins to beg John for a soft word with concentrated appetency.The word concentrated implies that her desire is very strong and intense, and that all the energy she has is focused on trying to seduce him. It is this that destroys his smile. It also destroys his happiness, in that he is tormented by guilt every day. It also destroys his relationship with Elizabeth as her desire later involves targeting her at the trials and pretending that she sends her spirit to stab Abigail. It then, ultimately, destroys his life when she uses the power she has over the other girls to overpower Mary Warrens argument against her, scaring Mary into going against Proctor and getting him arrested and hun g. When Abigail destroys his smile, Proctor realises that what he is doing is damage a coiffes the decision to reject Abigail. Miller uses short sentences to emphasise Proctors authority as a grown man, using a indicative to assert that Thats done with. Speaking with final emphasis, we watch as Proctor becomes frustrated that Abigail has clearly not got the message and will not leave.Miller uses another declarative when Proctor tells Abigail that she will put it out of mind, making it clear that Proctor is in control and reinforcing our idea of him as a headstrong man with good morals. Abigails desperation does not fade we learn that she cannot believe it, insinuating that she has become so used to manipulating others that it comes as a shock when she herself is manipulated. Proctor rejects Abigail once and for all, using a violent image that he would cut off his hand before hed ever reach for her again. This image, suggesting punishment and physical harm is also symbolic of the terrible outcome of their affair.The affair causes tension between Proctor and Elizabeth. She is paranoid most what he may be up to, asking Proctor What keeps him so late? Johnthen asks Elizabeth Are you well today? showing that they are not getting on as well as they might, and Proctor is almost tiptoeing around her by trying to seem interested in her and make her feel valued. The tension increases further when Proctor says Cider?, suggesting that he is tired of her and is growing impatient that she is forgetting things. Millers audience of the 1950s would have been appall that Proctor orders Elizabeth around in this way, especially when she is innocent and he is the one in the wrong, though this would have been normal in the 1690s, when women were regarded as their husbands property.Abigail does not appear in Act 2. Nevertheless, she has a strong influence over the course of events. Not only does she cause tension between John and Elizabeth, but her presence is felt when Proctor struggles to address all of the Ten Commandments. He names all of them but the adultery commandment, meaning Elizabeth has to delicately remind him. Proctor tries so hard on a daily basis to forget about his affair with Abigail and move on that he has forgotten the only commandment which he has gone against. It is his only sin and the only thing that ruins his otherwise good character. Abigail also drives the scene by accusing Elizabeth of witchcraft. Mary Warren comes home from court with a poppet for Elizabeth, which has a needle stuck in it. We then learn that Abigail fell to the floor and a needle was found stuck into the body-build of her stomach.The reader is shown Abigails plot against Elizabeth and Elizabeths arrest is a turning point. When Proctor tells Mary that she must admit to the court how the poppet came to be in his house, Mary is frightened and says that she cannot do it as Abigail would kill her and charge lechery on Proctor. In the context of the period, adult ery was one of the worst sins and anyone found to be an fornicator would be heavily punished, possibly even killed, as John Proctor is. It is therefore through Elizabeths arrest that Mary reveals that she knows of the affair. Act 2 closes with Mary weeping that she cannot do what Proctor has asked her. Although Abigail is not there, her presence is felt yet again and the power that she has over the other girls is clearly shown in Marys terror at the prospect of having to denounce Abigail in court.Abigail and Proctor are both complex characters and Miller chooses the twocharacters who the reader would think are the most unlikely couple. John Proctor hates himself for hurting Elizabeth and judges himself for being guilty of the very hypocrisy he despises in others. Abigail Williams, on the other hand, is not a good-hearted character who revels in her sins, and it is her lack of morals which allow her to hurt innocent people such as Elizabeth. An adulterous relationship would have bee n intensely frowned upon in Puritan times and could be viewed as either Proctors or Abigails fault. It could be argued that Proctor, as a grown and wed man, should have known never to begin the affair with Abigail.However, it could have been Abigail, their servant, who took advantage of a difficult time between John and Elizabeth and exploited Proctors only weakness lust. Miller clearly wants the reader on Proctors side. We know already that he is plagued with guilt and is aware of his own faults. In the end, he eliminates his hypocrisy by finally telling the truth. He is the plays tragic hero in that he sacrifices his life and good name in order to save Elizabeth, who forgives him, saying that he have his goodness now.