Environmental causes of violence Research Paper

Environmental causes of abandon - Research Paper ExampleThe American psychological association defined violence as an extreme act of aggression committed by an individual to another such as rape, murder or assault.1 Furthermore, the American psychological association implied that violence is the intentional application of power or force, actual or threatened against another person, community, and group or against oneself.2 This application of violence mostly leads to physical harm, physiological harm, deprivation or mal development. On the other hand, environment is primarily defined as the circumstances and conditions which surround an individual or community. Furthermore, the Medical Dictionary went a step further and defined the term environment as the combination of cultural and social conditions that have an influence on an individuals life.3 emphasis and the different types of abuse are mostly viewed as a behavioral pattern which is intended to maintain and establish control over household members, family, individuals, groups, insinuate partners or colleagues. Although most violent offenders tend to be known by their victims (i.e. estranged spouses and partners, relatives, family members, colleagues and peers), strangers may also commit various acts of violence. The occurrence of violence powerfulness be once or it may happen on a frequent basis. Over time, the single incidences of violence tend to escalate into frequent bouts of violence.4 ill-use and violence in any form negatively affects the well-being and health of individuals. The primary roots of violence can be attributed to the many environmental factors which eve today continue to grow and increase in society. The Newfoundland Labrador states that violence is often a choice and is thus preventable.5Self-directed violence is behavior that deliberately leads to wounding or has a potential to result in harm to oneself. As such, it is

International Business and operations Management Essay

International Business and operations Management - Essay ExampleIn China there are many actual domestic signs (over 8,000) engaged in the production and sale of agricultural equipment while a substantial number of international reputable firms have made major inroads into the Chinese farm machinery market. To understand international business ventures, Peng et al (2009) through their unified international business framework suggest two approaches in judgement international business frameworks. These are the institution-based view whereby the immaterial venture firms aims at developing an understanding of the local business environment and the resource-based view in which the firm utilizes its competitive advantage like superior technology or products to gain a foothold in the local markets.China as one of the smart developing emerging markets provide a highly developed potential market for agricultural equipment due to its large population and lowly mechanized res publica meth ods hence is a viable entry point into the Asian region market. International strategic management mainly encompasses firms engaged in cross-border trade globally that usually take advantage of local resources in diverse geographical locations to enhance their productivity and returns. Lessard (2003) has identified four strategic frameworks that distinguish these international firms geographic span of the particular industry the pull of the specific locations including the markets, resources, and the competitive edge upholding of the international strategy and the extent of global incorporation including the localized spread.The western and Yankee parts of China however have not greatly enjoyed the rapid growth experienced in other regions of the country. The government has therefore consequently provided incentives to foreign firms interested in expanding in these regions in form of lowered statutory requirements and other inducements as well as providing a high-quality communicat ion and

The 5 Positive Outcomes for Children and Young People Essay Example for Free

The 5 Positive Outcomes for Children and Young People Essay1. Being healthy this event deals with the extent to which providers contribute to the shootment of healthy lifestyles in children. Evidence will include ways in which providers promote the following physical, mental, emotional and sexual health participation in sport and exercise healthy eating and the drinking of water the ability to recognise and combat personal stress having self-esteem and the evasion of drug taking including smoking and alcohol. There should also be assessment of the extent to which appropriate support is available for both students and staff to help contact these positive outcomes. 2. Staying safe this outcome is principally about the extent to which providers contribute to ensuring that children stay safe from harm. Evidence includes complying with child protection legislation, undertaking CRB checks, protecting boylike people and vulnerable adults from bullying, harassment and other forms of maltreatment, discrimination, crime, anti-social behaviour, sexual exploitation, exposure to violence and other dangers. Ensuring that all relevant staff are appropriately trained.3. Enjoying and achieving this outcome includes attendance and wondering education and training, and the extent to which learners make progress with regard to their learning and their personal development. Evidence to evaluate this includes arrangements to assess and monitor learners progress, support learners with poor attendance and behaviour, and relate the needs of potentially underachieving groups. Also relevant will be the extent and effectiveness of the enrichment of provision by promoting social, cultural, sporting and recreational activities. Learners views about the degree to which they enjoy their learning life are taken into account here.4. Making a positive contribution this outcome includes the development of self-confidence and enterprising behaviour in learners, together with their understanding of rights and responsibilities, and their active participation in community life. Evidence includes measures to ensure understanding of rights and responsibilities, the extent to which learners are consulted about key decisions, and the provision of opportunities for learners to develop and lead provider and community activities. There should also be a focus on enabling young people to develop appropriate single-handed behaviour and to avoid engaging in antisocial behaviour.5. Achieving economic well-being this outcome includes the effectiveness of the ways in which the provider prepares learners for the acquisition of the skills and knowledge necessary for employment and for economically independent living. Evidence includes arrangements for developing self-confidence, enterprise and teamwork, the provision of good careers advice and training for financial competence, and the accessibility of opportunities for work experience and work-based learning.

Hamlet’s Values Prevail Essay Example for Free

small towns Values Prevail EssayMark Twain once stated, It is searching curious that physical courage should be so common in the world, and incorrupt courage so rare. The zealous struggles between internal and external mirth and somatic and ethical honour have incontrovertibly led to mans continual battle for integrity pride versus ethics. Religious t severallyings impart that unrivalled set up respect to all and utilize the power of oration to convey ideologies yet religious crusades have instigated the bloodiest and most deadly battles in human history. firearms universal and timeless question asks whether it is ethical to defend adepts honour through brutality or if the use of language and moral lessons are sufficient to deliver the message. Analogously, William Shakespeares The Tragedy of small town bequeaths enlightenment to its audience of the universal beauties and faults of mankind on the comprehensive debate of integrity.The tragic hero, Prince juncture of D enmark, vies to comprehend his uncomfortably altered environment, opus he relentlessly endeavors to fitk morality, logic, and reason in a world where corruption and greed autonomously dictate satisfy. His set abouts precipitous remarriage, the tormenting close of his father, and the forsakenness critical point feels from those he held close lead him to render epiphanic cognizance. Shakespeares use of soliloquys bestows unto the audience a voyeuristic view into settlements personal meditations, highlighting critical points introspective state. though his vulnerability and pathos at times render him ineffectual and indecisive, it is subtlely musing of his humanity and that is what entices him to the audience. hamlet is in an internal battle with the imperfections of the world around him.In the hypocritical nation of Denmark, crossroads is thrust into witnessing indecencies, both externally and in his own home thus Hamlets lack of action is conjured not by feebleness of char acter. It is the moral contradictions and duplicity in the world ahead him that hinder his actions he operates therefore with ethics, prudence, and wisdom. Heroic valor sets Hamlet apart from the supplementary nobility in Denmark. After the enigmatic death of the erstwhile power Hamlet Senior, goes unquestioned, Hamlets morality compel him to seek answers. Before Hamlet can pursue the truth he must however get on to terms with his make Gertrudes remarriage to his fathers brother, Claudius. Disappointment in his mother and grief for his father, lead Hamlet to his first soliloquy, wherein he describes the consequences of suicide and his mothers immorality. Even in his melancholia Hamlet understand the magnitudes of self-slaughter, as the Everlasting has fixed / his canon gainst it (1.2.135-136).His ability to look past the superficial transient benefits of illegal actions helps Hamlet to stay firm in his beliefs throughout his journey. Though dismayed as to how rotten in the sta te of Denmark it is, Hamlet expresses his emotions by reacting to his surroundings in a gallant manner (1.4.90). Upon meeting the ghost of the late King, Hamlet is incensed by the horrific crime his uncle-father has committed (2.2.399). However, Hamlet does not straightaway take the words of the ghost as factual in his second soliloquy he concludes the spirit that he has seen / may be a devil and that he cannot commit him without evidence (2.2.627-628). Hamlet decides the plays the thing / wherein he will catch the conscience of the king (2.2.633-634). Hamlet realizes the depravity of slaughtering a man based on the conjecture that he is a murderer. He refuses to place such marginal worth on an individual life as to take it without knowing the truth.In the most famous soliloquy of all the Shakespearean plays, Hamlet debates the value of life and the consequences of death Hamlet asks to be or not to be (3.1.64). Realizing that death is a misleading and temporary fix, as one knows n ot of what lies hereafter possibilities of eternal suffering from the pangs of despised love and lifes unanswered questions Hamlet concludes conscience does make cowards of us all and with over analysis action is lost (3.1.74-96). Though the ghosts words attest to be accepted as the players reenact the murder of the late King Hamlet in The Mousetrap, Hamlet waits to execute his plan. Morality often stifles ones acceptance and trust in others. As his family has forsaken him, his childhood friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern comply with the will of the king to remove him, and those living within the walls of Elsinore Castle perceive him to be insane, Hamlet has but one true confidant Horatio.Hamlets most enlightening epiphanic moment comes as he prepares for the match against Laertes he finally untangles the webs of deceit which have been cloud his moral judgment. He responds to Horatios worry for the battles conclusion by telling him, not a whit, we defy augury he make headwa y explains, man does not control fate if it is meant to happen, it will (5.2.231-238). Hamlet has hitherto looked at life like a slow moving game of chess, evaluating each move he makes by weighing the consequences of the subsequent moves he now understands he must leave his fate in the hands of providence. Hamlets dawdling journey comes to a rapid close in the final act of the play. During the match against Laertes Hamlet is made witness first hand to his uncle-fathers crimes Claudius accidentally murders both Gertrude, with the wine he had poisoned for Hamlet, and Laertes, by the poisoned sword intended for Hamlet.Hamlet no longer stands idly by whilst the injustices of Claudius tear his country down. Though he too is poisoned by Laertes blade, Hamlet fights for the justice of Denmark and slays Claudius once and for all. The tragic resolution leaves a bloodstained Denmark distraught and uncertain, yet the heroic legacy of Hamlets valor and morality live on. Horatio recounts Hamlet s tragic tale as Fortinbras of Norway captures Denmark. Hamlet is buried like a soldier to a stage, / for he was likely, had he been put on, / to have proved the most royal (5.2.442-444). Though Hamlet never wishes to be king, his pure humanity and strong morality prove to manifest his capabilities, even after death. It is integral for any actor playing the role of Hamlet to be well versed in the characteristics of his Hamlet predecessors, and to embrace their qualities while learning from their frailties.Whether on stage or on film, Hamlet is one of the most challenging roles for any actor to play. Two contemporaneous silver screen adaptations of Hamlet by Kenneth Branagh and Franco Zeffirelli portray the young Prince as a grieving individual vying to keep his virtue as corruption ensues. Branagh presents Hamlets famous To be or not to be soliloquy as the cinematic essence of the unraveling of Hamlets layers. Hamlet questions the meaning of safe and wrong, while searching for hi s own purpose within the mirrors. Unfortunately for Hamlet, the mirrors neither hold truths nor divulge answers, thus he is left feeling a forsaken sensory faculty of betrayal. Branaghs acting and directing are impressive in this scene, his emotions depict Hamlets internal conflict he attempts to keep hold of his morals in a world void of any such ethics. Zeffirellis interpretation of Hamlets renowned To be or not to be soliloquy captures a darker side the tragic hero.Though Mel Gibsons superb acting highlights Hamlets emotional conflict of where he morally stands, the inattentive directorial choice to locate the scene in the family crypt conveys too nefarious a mood and is confusing to the audience. Zeffirellis redemption comes in a glorious nervous strain his interpretation of Hamlet and Horatios conversation in the plays final act. Zeffirelli shows an excellent understanding of the plays overall purpose. He depicts Hamlets epiphany as a monologue rather than the end of a disc ourse between friends. By omitting Horatio from the latter portion of this scene, the audience is able to see Hamlets shift in perspective develop on its own.Hamlet overlooks the ocean and its horizon as he decides let his fate symmetry in the ebb and flow of life. Contradictorily, Branagh, using Shakespeares original context, does not enhance the viewers perception of Hamlets conflict. Rather Branagh chooses to show the intimate relationship between Hamlet and Horatio. Kenneth Branaghs brand of symbolism in Hamlet delves into the true meaning beneath the pages of Shakespeares written word. He surpasses the usual film adaptations of a drama, which fail to provoke the imagination. He probes the audience with strong symbolism forcing thought, questioning, and imagination beyond the physical. Franco Zeffirelli, dissimilarity attempts to engage the viewer by shortening the scenes and speeches apropos to the common Hollywood adaptation.While the pace may be more exciting, it loses in ci nematic depth. A great production of Hamlet incorporates the strife between the external forces pulling man from his values and learned morals. Hamlet should be portrayed by his struggle to protect his humanity while those he cares for try to strip the essence of morality from him. As Hamlet traverses grief, the actor should have the emotional depth to connect with the viewer, and versatility to surpass the realm of pure poignancy to enter profundity.Hamlets instructions to the players should be heeded by any director let your own / discretion be your tutor. Suit the action to the / word, the word to the action, with the special / observance, that you overstep not the modesty of / nature (3.2.17-21). Plays should convey a universal struggle of man and act as a window to the natural world, where the audience members are permitted to view the intimacies of a society contrasting their own to this rule, Hamlet is no exception.Works CitedHamlet. Dir. Franco Zeffirelli. Perf. Mel Gibson , Glenn Close, and Alan Bates. DVD. Hamlet. Dir. Kenneth Branaugh. Perf. Kenneth Branaugh, Julie Christie, and Derek Jacobi. DVD. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Barbara A. Mowat. Simon Schuster, 2003. Print.

Trends And Scenarios In The Airline Industry

Trends And Scenarios In The pedigreeline IndustryThe line of reasoninglines is one among the inventions that had changed the way how people live and experience the world. In collect course of quantify it has now become impossible to imagine business and leisure travel with step forward transport travel. The flight path industry exists in an fiercely rivalrous gradet. In recent years, there has been an industry shakedown, which is expected to the trend towards splaying municipal and international service.The air passage industry is classified into four categories planetary, National, Regional and Cargo. Airlines industry facilitates stintingal exhibit, world batch, international investment and tourism and so endures a key role in globalization making it a large and growing industry.Air travel ( twain business and leisure) has grown by round 7% in the last decade. Business travel has grown as companies having global presence in terms of their investments, their supp ly and convergenceion chains and excessively their customers. Availability of aircrafts at affordable prices backed by change magnituded tourism had led to rise in leisure travel. Overall in terms of regions in developed regions bid Europe and North America a slower process is seen when comp ard to developing regions similar Asia Pacific.Airlines profitability is closely tied to economical growth and trade. So based on the GDP growth the demand for airplanes and the air travel go away addition. So during 1990-1995, the industry suffered from world recession and the air travels were further lowered by Gulf War. Thus financial difficulties impact airlines/aircraft industry. Deregulation is also stimulating competition, such(prenominal) as that from small, low-monetary value carriers.Some of the Key terms and ratios for airline industry be listed below.Available Seat Mile = (total of seats available for transporting passengers) X ( of miles flown during finish) r regular(a) ue Passenger Mile = ( of revenue-paying passengers) X ( of mile flown during the period)Revenue Per Available Seat Mile = (Revenue) / ( of seats available)Air Traffic Liability (ATL) An estimate of the amount of notes already received for passenger just the ticket sales and cargo transportation that is yet to be provided.Load Factor Measures the percentage of available seating dexterity that is filled with passengers. Analysts state that once the airline load factor exceeds its break-even point, then more and more revenue will trickle down to the bottom line.aerodrome capacity, technology used, structuring routes and costs to buy or lease the aircraft ar very vital for the industry. In addition Weather, Fuel Cost and Labour also play an important role.The industry has to realise the need for a radical change to sustain and also ensure growth and prosperity for their survival. Currently many cost cutting measures are being adopted in the industry.Also to meet the requirements of customers and elevate to customer delight from mere customer satisfaction the industry players change state on the quality of service that they offer, both on the ground and in the air. The key challenge is to ensure meeting of customer requirements and at the same date make effective cost cutting measures and continuously being efficient and competitive and profit making.Nevertheless, the atmosphere industry is characterized by strong nationalist sentiments so in many places despite globalisation airlines will face limitations on where they can fly and restrictions on their ownership of foreign carriers10 air myths more runways are essentialenvironmental organisations try their best to price people off planesInternational agreements make the ending of aviations privileged tax free spatial relation (including tax-free arouse) become impossibleThe external costs of the industry are met through Air Passenger Duty (APD)Building new-fashioned runways has clear economic benefits strain helps the UK tourist industryWe whitethorn be able to fulfil our international obligations with regards to climate change and shut up defy uninhibited growth in aviation and dromesWe can lessen the damage done to our environment, heritage and countryside that has been caused by aviation and airport expansion and also compensate for the same airports can expand and we can still meet EU air quality standardsTechnology has delivered significant environmental improvements in the past and will continue to do soEmerging MarketsThe Asia-Pacific region and Middle East are the emerging merchandises in airline industry. They are expected to experience a higher traffic growth and expand rapidly. For better analysis please see the graph belowRegional traffic growth (% change year-on-year) 2009 to 2012FNote (Data by ICAO (International Civil air power Organisation))Chief Characteristics of Airline IndustryCapital Intensive Its a capital-intensive business which requires huge amounts of money to operate effectively. This industry requires capital for expensive equipments homogeneous aircrafts, caution systems, control towers, simulators etc.Labour Intensive Airlines need personals like pilots, crew members, security guards, cleaners, engineers etc. Its a very labour-intensive industry and nearly 1/3rd of the revenue is used for the payment of workforce.Thin Profit Margin The profit margin is very thin in this industry. It averages to about 1-2% only.Seasonal earliest airlines used to see a heavy load during summers (because of vacations) and a relatively lesser load during winters. The seasonal factors results in rise and fall of airline revenues all over the course of the year. Over the years the seasonal effect has reduced to a greater extent.History and the Current Scenario of the Indian Aviation SectorGenesis of Indian Airline Industry1932 Mr. J.R.D.Tata flies a De Havilland Puss Moth from Karachi to Mumbai as part of the first Tata Sons Ltd. Flight to deliver mail carried by British Imperial Airways1948 Govt. of India acquires 49% stake in Tata Airlines, designated it a flag carrier and renamed it as Air India International1953 Jawaharlal Nehru, in friendly transaction, convinces the Tata assort to let the Government of India acquire a major(ip)ity stake in Air India International and nationalizes air transport1953 Indian Airlines formed by merging eight former independent domestic airlines1960 India enters the jet age with an Air India B707. USA and India are connected for the first time with an Indian Airline1990 East West Airlines becomes the first cloistered airline since 1953After 19911991 Private airlines were allowed to provide the service under air taxi scheme to operate chartered and non-scheduled service.1994 Private airlines permitted to operate as scheduled air service providers.2003 Air Deccan lowered down the fares to 17% of previously charged rates consequently introducing the concept of budget airlines in Indi a.ConsolidationThe under-pricing of tickets repayable to the intense competition and the increasing number of budget carriers resulted in losses to the budget carriers as well as to the entire aviation sector. Consolidation was looked as the iodin way out which would lead to less competition and stable fares.The main reason for the increasing costs and reduced efficiency and flexibility for the Indian aviation sector was poor Airport infrastructure and manpower shortages. In 2007, there were 13 scheduled carriers which was estimated that this number would fall to 8-10 by 2010 in this fragmented Indian domestic aviation sector and the estimation is almost true considering the current scenario of the aviation sector.2007 Jet Airways announced that it would buy Air Sahara for US$500 jillion2007 Air India and Indian Airlines merged into one entity named NACIL2008 Kingfisher-Deccan deal was the third alliance in the Indian aviation sector.Current Scenario of Aviation IndustryThe India n Aviation Industry, being one of the worlds fastest growing aviation industries, has a compound annual growth rate of 18%. There are 454 airports and airstrips in India, of which 16 are international airports. As of May 2006, private airlines accounted for more than 75% of the sector of the domestic aviation market.The Indian aviation sector saw an increase in revenue by nearly US$ 21.4 zillion in December 2009 due to increase in traffic movements. Moreover, the Airport Authority of India may gain better margins in the near future as predicted by Ministry of Civil Aviation. These have been attributed primarily to the boost in the parcel out of revenue from Delhi International Airport Limited and Mumbai International Airport Limited. According to a report released by the Ministry of Civil Aviation the number of passengers carried by domestic airlines rose from 67, 61, 000 to 80, 56, 000 for the period January February 2009 and January February 2010 respectively. The increase in passenger attach a growth of 19.2% for the aforementioned period. Some of the factors that have resulted in higher demand for air transport in India include the growing purchasing power of middle class, low airfares offered by budget airlines, the growth of tourism industry, increasing outbound travel from India and overall economic growth of India.Besides this, Indian airports are being ranked among the top airports of the world. The Hyderabad International Airport now ranks amongst the top 5 Airports in the world as per the annual Airport Service Quality passenger survey. The other airports to figure in the top 5 are the ones at Seoul, Singapore, Hong Kong and Beijing. There are even talks going on between India and United States to make the country an aviation hub.The Airport Authority of India is set to spend over US$ 1 billion in 2010, towards modernization of airports. The civil aviation ministry has also converted Delhi airport into an international hub for passenger airlin es to help the airport utilize large amounts of additional capacity.The investment policy of India in aviation industry currently allows FDI up to 100% under the automatic route for green topic projects and for live projects, FDI up to 100 % is allowed upto 74% under the automatic route and beyond 74% under the government route.Potential for GrowthDespite the slowdown and slow recovery, Indian Aviation industry sector still continues to look promising. This is primarily due to the burgeoning middle class with increasing massive purchasing power, low cost carriers providing services at very attractive low fares, the growth of Indian tourism and increasing outbound travel from India. In addition, the Government has planned to modernise non-metro airports, phasing out new international routes, putting into place new airports and renovating existing ones. Experts are estimating the growth of industry as high as 25% YoY.Since 2006, most of the major Indian airline operators such as Ai r India, Indian Airlines, Jet Airways and Kingfisher Airlines have reported large losses, reason being high aviation turbine fuel (ATF) prices, rising labour costs and shortage of skilled labour, rapid fleet expansion, as wheel as intense price competition. Adding to all these problems are the new players entering the industry even before the existing players could stabilize their operations. As a result, all the airlines suffered even further when the recession hit.Even then also the Indian aviation industry has been more prone to crisis as compared to their global counterparts and thus, India has the highest passenger growth rate among the entire airlines sector in the world including economies like Australia and France.The total number of passengers travelling by air will be a whopping 400 million by 2020. To meet with this accelerated demand, existing players need to increase fleets and broaden their reach including regional destinations as well. They are also going to get the c ompetition from international low cost airlines like Air Asia (Malaysian) and JetStar Asia (Australian).Flight into the futureAs estimated by the Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation (CAPA), by 2011, the Indian aviation sector is likely to cross the mark of 60 million domestic passengers, whereas the total number of passengers i.e. both domestic and international is expected to cross the 100 million-mark over the next three years.India is gear up for heavy investments in the aviation sector of India. According to the Investment Commission of India, Investment opportunities of around US$ 110 billion by 2020 are now being predicted. It is estimated that about US$ 80 billion will go towards purchase of new aircraft and US$ 30 billion for the teaching of airport infrastructure.Over the next 10 years, the Indian aviation sector will try to cash in on the potential to grow by 25% annually, as said by Praful Patel, the Minister for Civil Aviation. Also it could attract the highest investment s among all the industries in India i.e. an amount up to $45 billion.India needs improvements in services offered, huge number of skilled personnel and to menses already experiencing shortage of pilots and thereby problems like direct and indirect employment. Hence, India can look at this time to play a transforming role in this sector, as it holds great promise for development as well needed for the Indian economy to grow at a faster rate.Major players in domestic marketIndianKingfisher Airlines Ltd. Full Fare AirlinesJet Airways Ltd.IndiGoJetliteBudget AirlinesSpiceJetParamount AirwaysGo AirKingfisher RedCurrent Market SharesChallenges faced by Airline Industry1) Rising Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) Prices ATF prices form about 40% of the total operate costs of airline industry. As fuel prices climb, a trend of airline stock prices going down has been noticed. The rising fuel prices make it difficult for airlines to increase profits and they are forced to increase the air fares.2) High input costs Input costs are high due to-Various taxes by State Governments and on repayment of interest on foreign currency loans taken for purchasing aircrafts due to which some airlines are under high debts . receivable to shortage of technical personnel, manpower costs are also high.3) Decreasing returns After the advent of Low cost carriers, the legacy carriers were forced to decrease their prices and thus profits were impacted. With the ever-increasing competition, there is a price war that is giving low returns to all airline operators.4) Employee Management Training, recruiting and retaining talented employees is a major concern due to shortage of skilled personnel including pilots, unionism and cut-throat competition. After- recession effects like retrenchments, salary cuts along with no-new-hiring policy, strikes by Air India and Jet Airways staff etc. has make this task even more challenging.5) Infrastructure Upgradation The infrastructure upgradation progress in In dia is far behind the western countries. While steps are being taken to upgrade major airports in Hyderabad, Delhi and Mumbai, another(prenominal) issue that is yet to be fully addressed is security. Proper airline scheduling and passenger handling is another task besides physical and IT infrastructure. Attracting private sector investments and implementing the planned projects efficiently is a concern.6) Overcapacity There has been excess capacity of aircrafts that were ordered to increase market share before the global slowdown but were delivered after the same.7) Regional connectivity Though there is excess capacity in some airlines, some studys are still not well connected due to poor infrastructure. The airlines have to concentrate on building remote regional connectivity other than concentrating only on metros.8) Environmental Regulations The carbon emission and fuel efficiency standards have to be met by technology investments and commitment. RD on bio-fuels, that have the c apacity to reduce aviations carbon footprint by up to 80%, needs to be carried forward aggressively.9) Congestion Due to increase passenger traffic and cargo growth, there has been congestion on major routes on airports like Hyderabad, Delhi and Mumbai etc. This has to be tackled effectively by either expanding capacity or creating new airports.All this needs real strategic readying in the industry with technological innovations and best management practices.global scenario and trendsIn the past decade, travel by air has increased by 7% per year, for both business and leisure. Large aircrafts like the Boeing 747 have made it convenient for people to travel at affordable costs. Governments in developing nations give impetus to the development of infrastructure to lure tourists from prosperous countries and add to their national economies. Besides tourism, business travel has grown considerably owing to the rapid growth of world trade in goods and services. Some airlines are owned b y the state. The ones that are independent are vulnerable to economic uncertainties. Changes in the regulations of the governments and the presence of an intensely competitive market have led to many hardships in the industryCommercial flights began within a decade of the invention of aircraft in the early 20th century. There was a surplus of aircraft and pilots ecumenic after world wars I and II. DELAG, Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Aktiengesellschaft, the worlds first airline, was founded on November 16, 1909 with government assistance, and operated airships manufactured by The Zeppelin Corporation. Its headquarters were in Frankfurt. By the 1950s, airline companies created the framework of international travel and commerce that exists to this day.The Airline industry is highly unionised viz. there exist multi-unions. The industry is highly regulated in terms of routes, hours of work, etc. De-regulation in US in 1978 and in Europe in 1990s and again 2007/08 has removed control of the government over fares, routes and has marked the entry of new low cost airlines in US, Europe and now India and SE Asia.In Europe, major players like Iberia, TAP, Alitalia, KLM, Air France, Lufthansa were all once state-owned. The aviation industry is governed and set apart by strong nationalist sentiments towards a countrys domestic flag carriers. In many parts of the world, airlines will, therefore, continue to face bound on where they are allowed to fly and restrictions on their ownership of foreign carriers.The global airline industry being high competitive has resulted in huge additive losses. Many airlines have either gone bankrupt or have collapsed. For example, Sabena, Swissair, Alitalia, Delta, United.future trendsWorldwide economic activity, reflected in the global gross domestic product (GDP), is the most powerful driver for airplanes demand. The global GDP is projected to grow at an average of 3.2 percent per year for the next 20 years. Reflecting the economic growth, worldwide passenger traffic will average 5.3 percent growth and cargo traffic will average 5.9 percent growth over the forecast period.The above graph represents the growth in the future. However, this growth can be achieved only if the surging price of fuel is controlled as it directly affect flight schedules, ticket prices and services offered. So order to survive airlines need to become more lean and mean by addressing issues like rising costs, constraints on revenue growth and increasingly dissatisfied customers.Now we need to understand that three features are vital. That is services that give customers more control over their journeys, an infrastructure that can be easily changed to cope with variations in demand and greater collaboration among travel providers. The 5 technological innovations that can help the industry deliver the above mentioned features areSelf-service solutions Its a cost cutting measure but now gives the passengers the choice and control they wantIntegra ted baggage handling Using IT systems and process and technologies like RFID together and thereby speed up at the same time efficiently handle the security checks for the customers baggage.Shared Services There are three levels of shared services. One is share commodity application which reduces infrastructure costs. Next is common service hosting, which allows applications to be used by the partners and other clients. whence finally traditional application hosting, which enables multiple clients to use commodity applications as per their usage rate.Modular, flexible airport operating systems Airports need to improve their operating systems and have a modular, flexible architecture so has to improve the efficiency and contribute to growth.New Security Technologies Identity management solutions like finger print interconnected etc. and other such improved techniques have to be employed as the threat of terrorism is growing.Thus with all such measures we can expect a good growth in the airline industry.OpportunitiesThe rise in low cost carriers and increasing disposable income of consumers with the growing population of youth works generation, especially in metros, all give rise to tremendous opportunities to the aviation industry-1) Enhancing non-aeronautical revenue streams and Airport retailing Revenues from vehicle parking, advertisements, shop rentals are being targeted with increased modernisation of airports and attracting international luxury brands for a 24/7 shopping experience for the customers. E.g.- New airport terminals such as the T3 in New Delhi.2) Airport development through PPP The restructuring of airport infrastructure for metro and non-metro airports, developing Greenfield airports by attracting large private investments is a part of governments Eleventh Plan, where it expects an investment of around US$ 6.5 billion. This would fulfil the gaps to build world-class user-friendly airports with modern technology and provide airport capacity a head of demand.3) Bio-Fuels Instead of focusing only on crafting fuel-efficient engines, manufacturers of aircraft (like being done by Boeing and Airbus),can focus on developing sustainable bio-fuels that can protect them from wavering profits due to rising fuel prices.4) Maintenance, deposit and overhaul (MRO) business This offers high investment and business potential. An Ernst Young report says that the MRO business in the aviation sector can absorb investments of up to US$ 120 billion 2020. Air India has signed an agreement with GE Aviation, a unit of General Electric Co. (GE), to set up a $90 million facility to maintain aircraft engines in Mumbai.5) Private Jet market With increasing number of billionaires in the country and the glamour quotient attached to airlines, the private jet market in India is a great business opportunity. The government is also considering permitting private airstrips in the country.6) Heli-tourism and Commonwealth games A major portion of visitors during the Common wealth games including spectators, athletes and coaches will travel via airlines. Tourism to various parts of India can be boosted at the same time by heli-tourism or attractive offers by airlines connecting major tourist spots.7) Exploring alternate revenue streamsAir Cargo operationsGround Handling opportunities lie in offering comprehensive ground-handling solutions,3rd party handling and service contracts with private airports.E.g- AI-CIAL at CochinTraining will be needed for pilots, airhostess, engineers, cabin crew, technicians, ground staff which is a huge business opportunity considering the demand for aviation jobs.Internet business can be leveraged for e-ticket bookings thus saving agent commission costs and airline websites can pose as one stop shops for all travel related information thus boosting revenues.Emergency medical services (EMS) business Eurocopter, a division of EADS which is world leader in the field of aerospace defence and related services , is looking forward to entering the emergency medical services (EMS) business in India. Leading hospital majors like the Manipal group and the Apollo group are being considered for the purpose. The company operates around 480 helicopters in India that cover both the civil and military sectors. The company also plans to increase its business area by entering the heli-tourism sector.

Cultural Traits Of Lysistrata Analysis Religion Essay

Cultural Traits Of Lysistrata Analysis Religion Es thinkIt is interesting to see how much culture varies from one civilization to another(prenominal) across the world and throughout history, but amazingly enough they all have many similarities. By reading these ancient poems and stories, I quite a little subsume too many of their cultural traits. I find the Grecian culture to be the most interesting, and through the literature such as Aristophanes Lysistrata, I can see many cultural similarities.From the story Lysistrata, the women of Greece join together to voice their opinion that they should be treated as equals. The Peloponnesian War is taking limit during the story and all the women are left at sign alone because their husbands are off fighting in the war. The women are tired of their husbands being done for(p) and want the war to check in front all of Greece is destroyed. Led by Lysistrata, the women of Greece join together and take over the Akropolis and devise a plan t o end the war by withholding sex from the men. From this culture we see that women are presumed to be kind of a slave for the men. Their duties should be the care of the house and the children. Cooking, cleaning, stitchery and pleasing the husband were their jobs. Even in our culture immediately these things are considered to be the womans responsibilities. Their opinions did not matter to the men and were better left unsaid, the same as our culture in earlier years. Even today the opinion of a woman does not matter to some men. They are believed to be not as intelligent as the man and should only concern themselves with house hold chores, caring for the children, and pleasing the husband.The men of this culture were dominant over the women and fought the wars, took care of the cash in hand and headed the government. All of the decisions for Greece and the people of Greece were made by the men. Through Lysistrata, we can clearly see that the woman of Greece are tired of being tre ated as mentation they were inferior, a common problem that we have had throughout our culture and history and probably always will. They believed they should have some influence in the government as well as the household, and that their opinion should be taken into consideration. In order for the women to be taken seriously, they withheld sex from the men and locked themselves in the Akropolis, vowing not to return home until the war had ended and their opinions be heard equally alongside the men. This fight for womens rights has been seen throughout our cultural history as well and seems, in a way, to unperturbed be going on today.The classic culture and most of our culture has been dominated by the man. Our country was founded and ran by the men, with the women having many of the same responsibilities as the Greek women did in the story of Lysistrata. The Greek men did not believe the women had the right to have a say in the government or with matters of war, the same as the me n throughout our cultural history. The same battle that is being fought by the women in Lysistrata for their rights has been fought by the women of our culture. The Greek men finally learned a littleon. They gave into the women and listened to what they had to say and ended the war, vowing that the women would have a say in things. This is similar to our culture in that, since the fight for womens rights has begun, they are now allowed to be government officials, hold jobs extracurricular of the home, and even fight in wars.Another cultural trait of the Greek people was the worship of many Gods. Many of the ancient cultures back then believed in and worshiped more than one God. The people built their lives around these Gods. They lived in fear of these Gods and obeyed all of what they were told. They would have dreams and visions of these Gods or events of the future and believed they would come true since the Gods put it before their eyes. All that they did revolved around the wo rship of these Gods, even in their battles, they fought the way they believed the Gods wanted. They fought for the Gods with all they had never to do them unjust or have them disgraced. Unlike today where many people in our culture do not even worship a God or either show little in their respect or love for him. Our culture differs from the ancient Greeks, in that we are a monotheistic culture. We only believe in one God where as the Greeks had a dozen or more Gods. While the Greek culture revolved around the Gods, our religious culture, it seems, is slowly dying. You can see the importance of these Gods to the Greek culture by the many different statues and monuments they built to honor them. They made separate statues and monuments to worship each one of these Gods. You can also see the importance of the Gods through their literature. Almost every story or poem that I have read from the ancient Greeks has references to the gods and many are written about the Gods. We do not see t his in our culture today since most of our literature contains nothing about our God. Our culture as a whole probably shows less respect or loyalty for our God than the Greeks did even for the least important God they had.Though many years apart, it is interesting to see how the cultural traits start from one culture to the next throughout history. It is clearly seen, by reading the ancient poems and stories of the Greeks, how our culture and theirs compare and contrast. Although there are many different beliefs surrounded by our present culture and the ones of the past, many of their traits seem to have been carried over and are still present in our culture today.

Awareness And Understanding Work Life Balance

Awareness And Understanding Work Life BalanceChapter 1Introduction prevalent awareness and understanding of the term engagement- conduct balance has grown dramatically in recent years. The high level of interest among employers, consultants, and the media has generated a healthy business in conferences, websites and guides. It is a growth area in academia too, encompassing diverse disciplines including economics, social policy, feminism, sociology, industrial relations, human resource centering, health and psychology.The term Work life balance can be defined as employment based on emergent new values, which doesnt discriminate against those with caring or other non-work responsibilities, and which provides an probability for people to realize their full potential in work and non work domains (Lewis, 1996).1.1 Background of the sayTodays life environment has put a great take on employees time to deliver work and non-work responsibilities. This is a central cause of occupational s tress and work-life conflict, which has become a costly problem at both the organizational and individual levels. It might take the form of absenteeism, high staff turnover, lost productive value, increased recruitment and selection costs and medical expenses (Arnold, 2005). check to a recent study by Georgetown University, employee stress from trying to find time for their children correlates with decreased productivity and increased absenteeism. The study found that unplanned absences were be some businesses nearly $1 million a year (Georgetown University, 2010). In addition to the financial losses associated with this conflict that are clearly documented, the indirect personal effects of unsympathetic working conditions can include a decrease in motivation, job satisfaction, trust, job commitment, and other important factors that decrease firm profitability (McHugh, 1997). Therefore, disrespect the fact that many companies neglecting employee needs, conscious HR specialists ar e trying in many attempts to overcome these problems by introducing new working strategies that satisfy employees and help them to take up certain balance between work and life. Such strategies give the employee greater tractableness upon the time, the place and the style of work. These include part-time work, job sharing, working from headquarters and flexible working time. This flexibility enhances employees ability to adjust the time or submit the work as completed. It can mean compressing 40 hours into quartette days, starting and ending workdays at different times, or doing some work at home. The reason whitethorn be as simple as deficient to better manage a long commute or choosing to arrive at work later so parents can take their children to school. Some companies may offer these options to retain female employees who might consider leaving their jobs after having children.This research emphasizes particularly on flexible working hours (Flexitime) which is one form of flexibility in the working environment. Flexitime is an arrangement where an employee is able to choose when to start and finish work within a specified period of core hours. The reason for this emphasize on flextime is that, it is the most widespread form of workplace flexibility (Erin, 2008) and most previous studies has shown apparent results upon other working strategies and their good influence on work-life balance, yet this was not the case with flextime. other reason for this spur is researcher observations on many cases of flextime where employee missed the control over work-life balance, and that what inspires the idea of this research. 1.2 Problem statementOrganizations which select family-friendly working arrangements, found it upright to their business. In a study about the efficiency of the family-friendly working arrangements, it was found that 90 percent of managers experiencing those arrangements considered they were cost effective for organizations (Dex and Smith , 2002). However, the literary productions on flexible working arrangements covering a wide range of policies, declared that only some of which might be deemed to support a work-life balance. Moreover, darn there is a discussion about the business case for flexible polices and the potential problems it may create for employers, the assumption is often that these policies are invariably beneficial for employees. This is also reflected in the recommendations of the National Framework Committee for Work-life balance policies in Ireland (Helen et al, 2009).Some flexible working arrangements may actually exacerbate work-life conflict, for example, flexibility in the timing of work may result in employees being asked to work unsocial hours. Thus, it is very important to consider the effects of such practices as experient by employees. Indeed there is very little research on the impact of flexible working hour on workers ability to balance work and other demands, despite this being a maj or rationale for such practices (Helen et al, 2009).As many Bahraini organizations nowadays are moving toward flexibility, it would be a significant effort to conduct a study that assesses the determination of such practice. Especially that International evidence on the incidence of flexible working arrangements is restrict and tends to come from national surveys which, because they are not harmonized, may not be directly comparable. Another factor that boosts the need to this study is the difference in the demography, civilization and peoples life style between Western countries and Bahrain.While the incidence of flexible working hours (flextime) is important information in itself, the key questions for this research is Does it facilitate work-life expiation and does it help to improve employees productivity? Other sub-questions might also arise such as Is there a difference between males and females, or those who break children among those who do not regarding work-life balanc e? Does employee prefer to manage his/her time or like to be committed to a specified timing because he/she may not be able to manage time?On this basis, this research brings together material from diverse sources to provide an overview of recent research, current thinking and coming(prenominal) debates on the significance of flextime and work-life balance, especially to evaluate constructive practices for employee in Bahrain.1.3 objectives of the studyThe objective of this study is to put emphasis on the importance of work-life balance for Bahraini employees, and to evaluate its effect on both individual and organizational levels. In addition, this study attempts to assess the impact of adopting flextime working option on employees work-life balance and organizations productivity.A careful review of research questions led to the development of the following particularized research objectivesTo explore the existence of a kind between flextime and work-life balance.To examine the relationship between flextime and productivity.To explore the relationship between work-life balance and productivity.To examine the impact of some demographic variables such as gender, marital status and having children on the work-life balance.1.4 meaning of the studyThis significance of this study is its potential contribution to both the theoretical and practical fields. At the theoretical level, the present study is expected to bridge a research gap as most studies focus on either work-life balance or flexible working polices in general. However there is a very little research on the impact of flexible working on work-life balance (Helen et al, 2009). Moreover, it was recommended by some researchers to examine the relationship between specific types of flexible working practices like the flextime and productivity.For the practical contribution, this study is expected to make contribution to Bahraini private and public organizations as it reveals employees preferences on the sub ject of flexible working time, in addition to exploring the benefits that flextime provides for employers and employees, thus aiding management decision upon adopting such working option.Another feature which grants strength to this study is that the study spots the unaffixed on both, the importance of work-life balance and its implications on the organizational and individual levels in the first place, besides exploring the existence of a relationship between flextime and the work-life balance as recommended in previous literatures.1.5 limitations of the studyThe greatest limitation to this study is the non-probability sampling technique used hence the results cannot be generalized on the whole population. Another limitation is that the study was entirely based on self-reported data. Although this is the best way to assess the work-life balance of an employee as it requires some privacy, this method has been criticized that the respondents may give socially desirable answers and b ias results (Sackett, Burris, and Callahan 1989). However, anonymity and confidentiality assurance might be the key to make respondents more truthful. Finally, the questionnaire was developed for employees, thus it reflects employees point of views, while it passes over the management respective. Hence it would be a great achievement to combine other research methods such as case studies and focus groups to strength this study.1.6 organization of studyThis report is organized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the introduction, significance and limitations of the study. Chapter two provides an extensive literature review and background information on the variables of the study, which are flextime, work-life balance and productivity. The tertiary chapter identifies the research methodology, the sampling technique and the data collection procedure. Chapter four presents the results of data analysis. And the last chapter provides the discussion, a conclusion and recommenda tions for further studies.